{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4319878693","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2023.3243794","title":"Hitchhiker's Guide to Super-Resolution: Introduction and Recent Advances","display_name":"Hitchhiker's Guide to Super-Resolution: Introduction and Recent Advances","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-02-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4319878693","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2023.3243794","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37022895"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.2023.3243794","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2023.3243794","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/34/4359286/10041995.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/34/4359286/10041995.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069729032","display_name":"Brian B. Moser","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0290-7904"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153267046","display_name":"University of Kaiserslautern","ror":"https://ror.org/04zrf7b53","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153267046"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33256026","display_name":"German Research Centre for Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/01ayc5b57","country_code":"DE","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Brian B. Moser","raw_affiliation_strings":["German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), Kaiserslautern, Germany","TU Kaiserslautern, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), Kaiserslautern, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"TU Kaiserslautern, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153267046"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029509133","display_name":"Federico Raue","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8604-6207"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33256026","display_name":"German Research Centre for Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/01ayc5b57","country_code":"DE","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Federico Raue","raw_affiliation_strings":["German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), Kaiserslautern, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), Kaiserslautern, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053202923","display_name":"Stanislav Frolov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2700-5031"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33256026","display_name":"German Research Centre for Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/01ayc5b57","country_code":"DE","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stanislav Frolov","raw_affiliation_strings":["German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), Kaiserslautern, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), Kaiserslautern, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006074105","display_name":"Sebastian Palacio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8656-9569"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33256026","display_name":"German Research Centre for Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/01ayc5b57","country_code":"DE","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sebastian Palacio","raw_affiliation_strings":["German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), Kaiserslautern, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), Kaiserslautern, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019899855","display_name":"J.J. van Hees","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0084-8998"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33256026","display_name":"German Research Centre for Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/01ayc5b57","country_code":"DE","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J\u00f6rn Hees","raw_affiliation_strings":["German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), Kaiserslautern, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), Kaiserslautern, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101904182","display_name":"Andreas Dengel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6100-8255"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153267046","display_name":"University of Kaiserslautern","ror":"https://ror.org/04zrf7b53","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153267046"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33256026","display_name":"German Research Centre for Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/01ayc5b57","country_code":"DE","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andreas Dengel","raw_affiliation_strings":["German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), Kaiserslautern, Germany","TU Kaiserslautern, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), Kaiserslautern, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"TU Kaiserslautern, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153267046"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5069729032"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153267046","https://openalex.org/I33256026"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.4475,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":54,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97673053,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"45","issue":"8","first_page":"9862","last_page":"9882"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11105","display_name":"Advanced Image Processing Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11105","display_name":"Advanced Image Processing Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10688","display_name":"Image and Signal Denoising Methods","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9855999946594238,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6894830465316772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.550387442111969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5312155485153198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5142881274223328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.32867735624313354}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6894830465316772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.550387442111969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5312155485153198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5142881274223328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.32867735624313354}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.2023.3243794","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2023.3243794","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/34/4359286/10041995.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37022895","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37022895","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.2023.3243794","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2023.3243794","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/34/4359286/10041995.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2537124651","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"01IS19074","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321114","funder_display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6422402235","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"01IW20005","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321114","funder_display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7225624288","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"This work was","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321114","funder_display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321114","display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","ror":"https://ror.org/04pz7b180"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4319878693.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4319878693.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":187,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W7682646","https://openalex.org/W1580389772","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1791560514","https://openalex.org/W1836465849","https://openalex.org/W1847088711","https://openalex.org/W1885185971","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1932847118","https://openalex.org/W1959608418","https://openalex.org/W1964859077","https://openalex.org/W1974013408","https://openalex.org/W2047920195","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2087380704","https://openalex.org/W2103559027","https://openalex.org/W2115755118","https://openalex.org/W2121927366","https://openalex.org/W2127006916","https://openalex.org/W2133665775","https://openalex.org/W2141983208","https://openalex.org/W2143331230","https://openalex.org/W2192954843","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2214200408","https://openalex.org/W2214802144","https://openalex.org/W2242218935","https://openalex.org/W2296073425","https://openalex.org/W2320725294","https://openalex.org/W2476548250","https://openalex.org/W2481798478","https://openalex.org/W2503339013","https://openalex.org/W2508741746","https://openalex.org/W2520164769","https://openalex.org/W2524428287","https://openalex.org/W2525167219","https://openalex.org/W2535351973","https://openalex.org/W2560533888","https://openalex.org/W2600383743","https://openalex.org/W2607041014","https://openalex.org/W2618902759","https://openalex.org/W2620666172","https://openalex.org/W2721681485","https://openalex.org/W2737134362","https://openalex.org/W2741196023","https://openalex.org/W2747675701","https://openalex.org/W2747898905","https://openalex.org/W2752782242","https://openalex.org/W2754213847","https://openalex.org/W2776107444","https://openalex.org/W2780544323","https://openalex.org/W2784344583","https://openalex.org/W2793891806","https://openalex.org/W2795024892","https://openalex.org/W2799120945","https://openalex.org/W2805163084","https://openalex.org/W2866634454","https://openalex.org/W2883102461","https://openalex.org/W2901534369","https://openalex.org/W2921449040","https://openalex.org/W2945318567","https://openalex.org/W2950217418","https://openalex.org/W2951104886","https://openalex.org/W2954234207","https://openalex.org/W2954930822","https://openalex.org/W2960069057","https://openalex.org/W2962746461","https://openalex.org/W2962785568","https://openalex.org/W2962793481","https://openalex.org/W2962903125","https://openalex.org/W2963031226","https://openalex.org/W2963037581","https://openalex.org/W2963091558","https://openalex.org/W2963182372","https://openalex.org/W2963241118","https://openalex.org/W2963372104","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2963470893","https://openalex.org/W2963494934","https://openalex.org/W2963499153","https://openalex.org/W2963610452","https://openalex.org/W2963645458","https://openalex.org/W2963684405","https://openalex.org/W2963704386","https://openalex.org/W2963873275","https://openalex.org/W2963975576","https://openalex.org/W2964042923","https://openalex.org/W2964060609","https://openalex.org/W2964101377","https://openalex.org/W2964125708","https://openalex.org/W2964193438","https://openalex.org/W2976718572","https://openalex.org/W2985775862","https://openalex.org/W2986549058","https://openalex.org/W2994323562","https://openalex.org/W2997884640","https://openalex.org/W3005426304","https://openalex.org/W3012084003","https://openalex.org/W3013529009","https://openalex.org/W3017136408","https://openalex.org/W3034595214","https://openalex.org/W3035304632","https://openalex.org/W3035505623","https://openalex.org/W3036167779","https://openalex.org/W3081930016","https://openalex.org/W3083579885","https://openalex.org/W3091905774","https://openalex.org/W3095671795","https://openalex.org/W3096739052","https://openalex.org/W3098668600","https://openalex.org/W3099687741","https://openalex.org/W3101659800","https://openalex.org/W3103635814","https://openalex.org/W3104468713","https://openalex.org/W3105260381","https://openalex.org/W3107505690","https://openalex.org/W3107781032","https://openalex.org/W3113560462","https://openalex.org/W3113737203","https://openalex.org/W3117702776","https://openalex.org/W3120961658","https://openalex.org/W3121972911","https://openalex.org/W3123491574","https://openalex.org/W3129158555","https://openalex.org/W3130107790","https://openalex.org/W3133531783","https://openalex.org/W3133953507","https://openalex.org/W3138516171","https://openalex.org/W3155072588","https://openalex.org/W3155349823","https://openalex.org/W3157876702","https://openalex.org/W3163767593","https://openalex.org/W3175283070","https://openalex.org/W3177328703","https://openalex.org/W3180712890","https://openalex.org/W3194730353","https://openalex.org/W3207918547","https://openalex.org/W3211827226","https://openalex.org/W3215417925","https://openalex.org/W3217137879","https://openalex.org/W3217700884","https://openalex.org/W4224233925","https://openalex.org/W4255779515","https://openalex.org/W4284988388","https://openalex.org/W4293170463","https://openalex.org/W4295521014","https://openalex.org/W4297775537","https://openalex.org/W4302313152","https://openalex.org/W4312596228","https://openalex.org/W4320013936","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6638194035","https://openalex.org/W6638667902","https://openalex.org/W6638824847","https://openalex.org/W6639824700","https://openalex.org/W6640963894","https://openalex.org/W6683590716","https://openalex.org/W6726381175","https://openalex.org/W6727208969","https://openalex.org/W6727553916","https://openalex.org/W6735443497","https://openalex.org/W6735913928","https://openalex.org/W6737664043","https://openalex.org/W6739901393","https://openalex.org/W6746090280","https://openalex.org/W6746466744","https://openalex.org/W6752237900","https://openalex.org/W6752515464","https://openalex.org/W6753074096","https://openalex.org/W6754966153","https://openalex.org/W6758681311","https://openalex.org/W6765765563","https://openalex.org/W6766225098","https://openalex.org/W6776530645","https://openalex.org/W6779823529","https://openalex.org/W6782282802","https://openalex.org/W6783596713","https://openalex.org/W6787451488","https://openalex.org/W6787680261","https://openalex.org/W6788863772","https://openalex.org/W6794147640","https://openalex.org/W6794269193","https://openalex.org/W6795528464","https://openalex.org/W6803873548","https://openalex.org/W6804932017","https://openalex.org/W6842361598"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2731899572","https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W3215138031","https://openalex.org/W4306674287","https://openalex.org/W3009238340","https://openalex.org/W2939353110","https://openalex.org/W4321369474","https://openalex.org/W4360585206","https://openalex.org/W4285208911","https://openalex.org/W3046775127"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,20,43,85,89,104,114,127,130,141],"advent":[2],"of":[3,45,49,126,143],"Deep":[4],"Learning":[5],"(DL),":[6],"Super-Resolution":[7],"(SR)":[8],"has":[9],"also":[10,109],"become":[11],"a":[12,123],"thriving":[13],"research":[14,77],"area.":[15],"However,":[16],"despite":[17],"promising":[18,74],"results,":[19],"field":[21],"still":[22],"faces":[23],"challenges":[24],"that":[25],"require":[26],"further":[27],"research,":[28],"e.g.,":[29],"allowing":[30],"flexible":[31],"upsampling,":[32],"more":[33],"effective":[34],"loss":[35],"functions,":[36],"and":[37,52,60,72,103,116],"better":[38],"evaluation":[39,106],"metrics.":[40],"We":[41,64,79,108],"review":[42,133],"domain":[44],"SR":[46,62,71],"in":[47,70,88,129],"light":[48],"recent":[50],"advances":[51],"examine":[53],"state-of-the-art":[54],"models":[55,115],"such":[56,91],"as":[57,92],"diffusion":[58],"(DDPM)":[59],"transformer-based":[61],"models.":[63],"critically":[65],"discuss":[66],"contemporary":[67],"strategies":[68],"used":[69],"identify":[73],"yet":[75],"unexplored":[76],"directions.":[78],"complement":[80],"previous":[81],"surveys":[82],"by":[83],"incorporating":[84],"latest":[86,105],"developments":[87],"field,":[90],"uncertainty-driven":[93],"losses,":[94],"wavelet":[95],"networks,":[96],"neural":[97],"architecture":[98],"search,":[99],"novel":[100],"normalization":[101],"methods,":[102],"techniques.":[107],"include":[110],"several":[111],"visualizations":[112],"for":[113],"methods":[117],"throughout":[118],"each":[119],"chapter":[120],"to":[121,139,146],"facilitate":[122],"global":[124],"understanding":[125],"trends":[128],"field.":[131],"This":[132],"ultimately":[134],"aims":[135],"at":[136],"helping":[137],"researchers":[138],"push":[140],"boundaries":[142],"DL":[144],"applied":[145],"SR.":[147]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
