{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4320003009","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2023.3240337","title":"General Greedy De-Bias Learning","display_name":"General Greedy De-Bias Learning","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4320003009","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2023.3240337","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37022219"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.2023.3240337","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2023.3240337","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049313711","display_name":"Xinzhe Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4599-7399"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xinzhe Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100669242","display_name":"Shuhui Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5931-0527"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136793","display_name":"Peng Cheng Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03qdqbt06","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuhui Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012409526","display_name":"Chi Su","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5117-8867"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chi Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["SmartMore, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SmartMore, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028597017","display_name":"Qingming Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7542-296X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingming Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100393506","display_name":"Qi Tian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7252-5047"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250955327","display_name":"Huawei Technologies (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00cmhce21","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qi Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huawei Cloud & AI, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huawei Cloud & AI, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5049313711"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2869,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90008108,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"45","issue":"8","first_page":"9789","last_page":"9805"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12072","display_name":"Machine Learning and Algorithms","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8586466312408447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/greedy-algorithm","display_name":"Greedy algorithm","score":0.5768371820449829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4672180414199829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.39101552963256836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.35896509885787964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.32590508460998535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.23695412278175354}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8586466312408447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51823790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504353","display_name":"Greedy algorithm","level":2,"score":0.5768371820449829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4672180414199829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.39101552963256836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.35896509885787964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.32590508460998535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.23695412278175354}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006257","descriptor_name":"Head","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006257","descriptor_name":"Head","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006257","descriptor_name":"Head","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007858","descriptor_name":"Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007858","descriptor_name":"Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007858","descriptor_name":"Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.2023.3240337","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2023.3240337","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37022219","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37022219","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.7200000286102295,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4199693610","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62236008","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5327851226","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62022083","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6212863906","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U21B2038","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6773213747","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Z201100006820023","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334978","funder_display_name":"Beijing Nova Program"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7801426869","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61931008","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334978","display_name":"Beijing Nova Program","ror":"https://ror.org/034k14f91"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":97,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1638081485","https://openalex.org/W1834627138","https://openalex.org/W1933349210","https://openalex.org/W2031342017","https://openalex.org/W2070534370","https://openalex.org/W2107008825","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2296073425","https://openalex.org/W2560730294","https://openalex.org/W2561715562","https://openalex.org/W2566079294","https://openalex.org/W2597425697","https://openalex.org/W2745461083","https://openalex.org/W2768783441","https://openalex.org/W2953388933","https://openalex.org/W2963224792","https://openalex.org/W2963350032","https://openalex.org/W2963518342","https://openalex.org/W2963644680","https://openalex.org/W2963691377","https://openalex.org/W2963748441","https://openalex.org/W2963890019","https://openalex.org/W2963969878","https://openalex.org/W2964223283","https://openalex.org/W2970019270","https://openalex.org/W2983256121","https://openalex.org/W2997072136","https://openalex.org/W2997591099","https://openalex.org/W2997746169","https://openalex.org/W2998631105","https://openalex.org/W3002557610","https://openalex.org/W3004732066","https://openalex.org/W3016970897","https://openalex.org/W3033161486","https://openalex.org/W3035139434","https://openalex.org/W3035517717","https://openalex.org/W3038585207","https://openalex.org/W3095718427","https://openalex.org/W3100895823","https://openalex.org/W3102259594","https://openalex.org/W3103934428","https://openalex.org/W3106544837","https://openalex.org/W3110575265","https://openalex.org/W3118608800","https://openalex.org/W3133092047","https://openalex.org/W3141609294","https://openalex.org/W3166596953","https://openalex.org/W3174366544","https://openalex.org/W3175344799","https://openalex.org/W3175547470","https://openalex.org/W3177934633","https://openalex.org/W3179971958","https://openalex.org/W3180303049","https://openalex.org/W3190208102","https://openalex.org/W3196850540","https://openalex.org/W3202778561","https://openalex.org/W3203690435","https://openalex.org/W4221139284","https://openalex.org/W4287594755","https://openalex.org/W6676249281","https://openalex.org/W6676261111","https://openalex.org/W6729654139","https://openalex.org/W6741570309","https://openalex.org/W6745840574","https://openalex.org/W6754278832","https://openalex.org/W6754733129","https://openalex.org/W6757712578","https://openalex.org/W6757902542","https://openalex.org/W6758930985","https://openalex.org/W6763000187","https://openalex.org/W6763682154","https://openalex.org/W6764733053","https://openalex.org/W6764756247","https://openalex.org/W6766645339","https://openalex.org/W6768920361","https://openalex.org/W6771271773","https://openalex.org/W6776699476","https://openalex.org/W6777578573","https://openalex.org/W6779676466","https://openalex.org/W6784500203","https://openalex.org/W6784706293","https://openalex.org/W6786219303","https://openalex.org/W6787241537","https://openalex.org/W6787605533","https://openalex.org/W6787972765","https://openalex.org/W6791642624","https://openalex.org/W6795724354","https://openalex.org/W6796715840","https://openalex.org/W6800440403","https://openalex.org/W6803855868","https://openalex.org/W6804171142","https://openalex.org/W6804272589","https://openalex.org/W6810603410","https://openalex.org/W6810879928","https://openalex.org/W6840382124"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W4306674287","https://openalex.org/W3046775127","https://openalex.org/W3107602296","https://openalex.org/W4394896187","https://openalex.org/W3170094116","https://openalex.org/W4386462264","https://openalex.org/W4364306694","https://openalex.org/W4312192474","https://openalex.org/W4283697347"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Neural":[0],"networks":[1],"often":[2],"make":[3],"predictions":[4],"relying":[5],"on":[6,27,109,136,147,181],"the":[7,11,15,19,55,71,78,96,126,142,148,154,161,192,206],"spurious":[8,123],"correlations":[9,124],"from":[10,77],"datasets":[12],"rather":[13],"than":[14],"intrinsic":[16],"properties":[17],"of":[18,21,157,194,208],"task":[20],"interest,":[22],"facing":[23],"with":[24,116,213],"sharp":[25],"degradation":[26],"out-of-distribution":[28,177],"(OOD)":[29],"test":[30,127],"data.":[31],"Existing":[32],"de-bias":[33],"learning":[34,90],"frameworks":[35],"try":[36],"to":[37,47,107,114],"capture":[38],"specific":[39],"dataset":[40,56],"bias":[41,57,143],"by":[42,58,165],"annotations":[43],"but":[44,67,139],"they":[45,68],"fail":[46],"handle":[48],"complicated":[49],"OOD":[50,133],"scenarios.":[51],"Others":[52],"implicitly":[53],"identify":[54],"special":[59],"design":[60],"low":[61],"capability":[62],"biased":[63,97,117,211,218],"models":[64,98,212],"or":[65],"losses,":[66],"degrade":[69],"when":[70],"training":[72],"and":[73,99,145,159,176,187,216],"testing":[74],"data":[75],"are":[76,112,224],"same":[79],"distribution.":[80],"In":[81],"this":[82],"paper,":[83],"we":[84],"propose":[85],"a":[86,170,200],"General":[87],"Greedy":[88],"De-bias":[89],"framework":[91],"(GGD),":[92],"which":[93,168],"greedily":[94],"trains":[95],"base":[100,103,203],"model.":[101],"The":[102],"model":[104,204,219],"is":[105],"encouraged":[106],"focus":[108],"examples":[110],"that":[111],"hard":[113],"solve":[115],"models,":[118],"thus":[119],"remaining":[120],"robust":[121,202],"against":[122],"in":[125],"stage.":[128],"GGD":[129,158,197],"largely":[130],"improves":[131],"models'":[132],"generalization":[134],"ability":[135],"various":[137],"tasks,":[138],"sometimes":[140],"over-estimates":[141],"level":[144],"degrades":[146],"in-distribution":[149,174],"test.":[150],"We":[151],"further":[152],"re-analyze":[153],"ensemble":[155],"process":[156],"introduce":[160],"Curriculum":[162],"Regularization":[163],"inspired":[164],"curriculum":[166],"learning,":[167],"achieves":[169],"good":[171],"trade-off":[172],"between":[173],"(ID)":[175],"performance.":[178],"Extensive":[179],"experiments":[180],"image":[182],"classification,":[183],"adversarial":[184],"question":[185,189],"answering,":[186],"visual":[188],"answering":[190],"demonstrate":[191],"effectiveness":[193],"our":[195],"method.":[196],"can":[198],"learn":[199],"more":[201],"under":[205],"settings":[207],"both":[209],"task-specific":[210],"prior":[214,221],"knowledge":[215],"self-ensemble":[217],"without":[220],"knowledge.":[222],"Codes":[223],"available":[225],"at":[226],"https://github.com/GeraldHan/GGD.":[227]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}