{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4221140838","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2022.3204971","title":"A Principled Design of Image Representation: Towards Forensic Tasks","display_name":"A Principled Design of Image Representation: Towards Forensic Tasks","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-09-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4221140838","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2022.3204971","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36074881"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.2022.3204971","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2022.3204971","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2203.00913","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024003946","display_name":"Shuren Qi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0574-2313"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shuren Qi","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085698418","display_name":"Yushu Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8183-8435"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5343935","display_name":"Guilin University of Electronic Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05arjae42","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5343935"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yushu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","Guangxi Key Laboratory of Trusted Software, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Trusted Software, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5343935"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039086871","display_name":"Chao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3284-2408"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037979193","display_name":"Jiantao Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6015-2618"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204512498","display_name":"University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6469544","display_name":"City University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/04gpd4q15","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6469544"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiantao Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Information Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City, University of Macau, Macau, China","State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City, and also with the Department of Computer and Information Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Information Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City, University of Macau, Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6469544","https://openalex.org/I204512498"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City, and also with the Department of Computer and Information Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6469544","https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068837264","display_name":"Xiaochun Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7141-708X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaochun Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Technology, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Technology, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5024003946"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.649,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91224565,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"45","issue":"5","first_page":"5337","last_page":"5354"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13877","display_name":"Law in Society and Culture","score":0.9890000224113464,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6794936656951904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6671082973480225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.5397295951843262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.4770316779613495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4675630033016205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.44811517000198364}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6794936656951904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6671082973480225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.5397295951843262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4770316779613495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4675630033016205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.44811517000198364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.2022.3204971","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2022.3204971","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36074881","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36074881","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2203.00913","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2203.00913","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2203.00913","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2203.00913","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2203.00913","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2203.00913","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.75,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4556851971","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61971476","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G526554915","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62072237","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6627746567","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U2001202","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7604368941","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BK20201290","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334982","funder_display_name":"Basic Research Program of Jiangsu Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334982","display_name":"Basic Research Program of Jiangsu Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":83,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W358380361","https://openalex.org/W1490753124","https://openalex.org/W1524144700","https://openalex.org/W1556531089","https://openalex.org/W1570958768","https://openalex.org/W1763426478","https://openalex.org/W1781863451","https://openalex.org/W1971832083","https://openalex.org/W1978093332","https://openalex.org/W1987535593","https://openalex.org/W1993120651","https://openalex.org/W2005691078","https://openalex.org/W2012187833","https://openalex.org/W2023715797","https://openalex.org/W2037876243","https://openalex.org/W2039355212","https://openalex.org/W2067769652","https://openalex.org/W2068562306","https://openalex.org/W2069455443","https://openalex.org/W2085261163","https://openalex.org/W2086322741","https://openalex.org/W2086407934","https://openalex.org/W2086936614","https://openalex.org/W2089042189","https://openalex.org/W2098953696","https://openalex.org/W2104853049","https://openalex.org/W2133059825","https://openalex.org/W2137796516","https://openalex.org/W2146880335","https://openalex.org/W2148035750","https://openalex.org/W2148261123","https://openalex.org/W2149073238","https://openalex.org/W2159005573","https://openalex.org/W2163267793","https://openalex.org/W2168501771","https://openalex.org/W2169013230","https://openalex.org/W2229916477","https://openalex.org/W2344124258","https://openalex.org/W2462522213","https://openalex.org/W2555176855","https://openalex.org/W2569680626","https://openalex.org/W2572164103","https://openalex.org/W2604319603","https://openalex.org/W2737393222","https://openalex.org/W2737955903","https://openalex.org/W2759884961","https://openalex.org/W2791709203","https://openalex.org/W2795299328","https://openalex.org/W2809307149","https://openalex.org/W2888338418","https://openalex.org/W2895129173","https://openalex.org/W2897180259","https://openalex.org/W2908304553","https://openalex.org/W2918670247","https://openalex.org/W2955060354","https://openalex.org/W2962949934","https://openalex.org/W2962957157","https://openalex.org/W2963178695","https://openalex.org/W2970306554","https://openalex.org/W2985321619","https://openalex.org/W2990502263","https://openalex.org/W2993563321","https://openalex.org/W2993640112","https://openalex.org/W3005221849","https://openalex.org/W3019200173","https://openalex.org/W3022662194","https://openalex.org/W3032150799","https://openalex.org/W3034530968","https://openalex.org/W3034966820","https://openalex.org/W3092685717","https://openalex.org/W3092997524","https://openalex.org/W3098336384","https://openalex.org/W3121767244","https://openalex.org/W3125803510","https://openalex.org/W3129970828","https://openalex.org/W3157286395","https://openalex.org/W3194668998","https://openalex.org/W3211902004","https://openalex.org/W3215774363","https://openalex.org/W4243493583","https://openalex.org/W4248546022","https://openalex.org/W4385490375","https://openalex.org/W6794315554"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2058170566","https://openalex.org/W2772917594","https://openalex.org/W2755342338","https://openalex.org/W2166024367","https://openalex.org/W3116076068","https://openalex.org/W2229312674","https://openalex.org/W2951359407","https://openalex.org/W2079911747","https://openalex.org/W1969923398","https://openalex.org/W2775347418"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Image":[0],"forensics":[1,85],"is":[2,11,115,177],"a":[3,61,103],"rising":[4],"topic":[5],"as":[6,60],"the":[7,25,30,56,65,76,82,90,98,124,127,136,152,156,171,174,193,197],"trustworthy":[8],"multimedia":[9],"content":[10],"critical":[12],"for":[13,35,45,84,107],"modern":[14],"society.":[15],"Like":[16],"other":[17],"vision-related":[18],"applications,":[19],"forensic":[20,201],"analysis":[21],"relies":[22],"heavily":[23],"on":[24,155],"proper":[26],"image":[27,58],"representation.":[28],"Despite":[29],"importance,":[31],"current":[32],"theoretical":[33,99],"understanding":[34],"such":[36,200],"representation":[37,59,83,105,112],"remains":[38],"limited,":[39],"with":[40,120,144,166],"varying":[41],"degrees":[42],"of":[43,67,78,92,131,199],"neglect":[44],"its":[46],"key":[47],"role.":[48],"For":[49],"this":[50],"gap,":[51],"we":[52,101],"attempt":[53],"to":[54],"investigate":[55],"forensic-oriented":[57],"distinct":[62],"problem,":[63],"from":[64,75],"perspectives":[66],"theory,":[68],"implementation,":[69],"and":[70,95,135,139,147,160,182,189],"application.":[71],"Our":[72],"work":[73],"starts":[74],"abstraction":[77],"basic":[79],"principles":[80],"that":[81],"should":[86],"satisfy,":[87],"especially":[88],"revealing":[89],"criticality":[91],"robustness,":[93],"interpretability,":[94],"coverage.":[96],"At":[97,123],"level,":[100,126,173],"propose":[102],"new":[104],"framework":[106],"forensics,":[108,184],"called":[109],"dense":[110],"invariant":[111],"(DIR),":[113],"which":[114],"characterized":[116],"by":[117],"stable":[118],"description":[119],"mathematical":[121],"guarantees.":[122],"implementation":[125],"discrete":[128],"calculation":[129],"problems":[130],"DIR":[132,176],"are":[133,142],"discussed,":[134],"corresponding":[137],"accurate":[138],"fast":[140],"solutions":[141],"designed":[143],"generic":[145],"nature":[146],"constant":[148],"complexity.":[149],"We":[150],"demonstrate":[151],"above":[153],"arguments":[154],"dense-domain":[157],"pattern":[158],"detection":[159,188],"matching":[161],"experiments,":[162],"providing":[163],"comparison":[164],"results":[165],"state-of-the-art":[167],"descriptors.":[168],"Also,":[169],"at":[170],"application":[172],"proposed":[175],"initially":[178],"explored":[179],"in":[180,195],"passive":[181],"active":[183],"namely":[185],"copy-move":[186],"forgery":[187],"perceptual":[190],"hashing,":[191],"exhibiting":[192],"benefits":[194],"fulfilling":[196],"requirements":[198],"tasks.":[202]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
