{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3178946670","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2022.3169217","title":"GradDiv: Adversarial Robustness of Randomized Neural Networks via Gradient Diversity Regularization","display_name":"GradDiv: Adversarial Robustness of Randomized Neural Networks via Gradient Diversity Regularization","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-04-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3178946670","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2022.3169217","mag":"3178946670","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35446760"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.2022.3169217","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2022.3169217","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101790501","display_name":"Sungyoon Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6097-0565"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125608817","display_name":"Korea Institute for Advanced Study","ror":"https://ror.org/041hz9568","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125608817"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sungyoon Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Artificial Intelligence and Natural Sciences, Korea Institute for Advanced Study (KIAS), Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6097-0565","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Artificial Intelligence and Natural Sciences, Korea Institute for Advanced Study (KIAS), Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125608817"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032839849","display_name":"Hoki Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5361-459X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hoki Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Industrial Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5361-459X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100609339","display_name":"Jaewook Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5720-8337"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jaewook Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Industrial Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5720-8337","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101790501"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125608817"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.6591,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":55,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97132111,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"45","issue":"2","first_page":"2645","last_page":"2651"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9763000011444092,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9751999974250793,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.6871418356895447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mnist-database","display_name":"MNIST database","score":0.6653281450271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6619868874549866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6445719003677368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6254537105560303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-neural-networks","display_name":"Deep neural networks","score":0.5225805044174194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regularization","display_name":"Regularization (linguistics)","score":0.4914044141769409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.45960381627082825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.37159931659698486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.32567381858825684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.059909284114837646}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.6871418356895447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190502265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17069496","display_name":"MNIST database","level":3,"score":0.6653281450271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6619868874549866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6445719003677368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6254537105560303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984842247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep neural networks","level":3,"score":0.5225805044174194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776135515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17143721","display_name":"Regularization (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4914044141769409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.45960381627082825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.37159931659698486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.32567381858825684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.059909284114837646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.2022.3169217","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2022.3169217","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35446760","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35446760","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6638978059","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF-2019R1A2C2002358","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":63,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1991814714","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2118858186","https://openalex.org/W2138779671","https://openalex.org/W2145001205","https://openalex.org/W2408141691","https://openalex.org/W2603766943","https://openalex.org/W2612637113","https://openalex.org/W2736899637","https://openalex.org/W2765384636","https://openalex.org/W2767962654","https://openalex.org/W2787708942","https://openalex.org/W2787733970","https://openalex.org/W2895033754","https://openalex.org/W2911510572","https://openalex.org/W2913266441","https://openalex.org/W2949362401","https://openalex.org/W2950864148","https://openalex.org/W2953911539","https://openalex.org/W2954469952","https://openalex.org/W2962710014","https://openalex.org/W2963207607","https://openalex.org/W2963485691","https://openalex.org/W2963857521","https://openalex.org/W2964153729","https://openalex.org/W2964253222","https://openalex.org/W2976345833","https://openalex.org/W3007305010","https://openalex.org/W3034994123","https://openalex.org/W3035345420","https://openalex.org/W3090036562","https://openalex.org/W3092171228","https://openalex.org/W3103014337","https://openalex.org/W3104324249","https://openalex.org/W3107235539","https://openalex.org/W3118608800","https://openalex.org/W4254955164","https://openalex.org/W4293846201","https://openalex.org/W6637162671","https://openalex.org/W6640425456","https://openalex.org/W6677919164","https://openalex.org/W6682124274","https://openalex.org/W6714069269","https://openalex.org/W6731927902","https://openalex.org/W6738157205","https://openalex.org/W6741036071","https://openalex.org/W6745272055","https://openalex.org/W6746402973","https://openalex.org/W6748475379","https://openalex.org/W6748711285","https://openalex.org/W6754762128","https://openalex.org/W6758458550","https://openalex.org/W6758779121","https://openalex.org/W6759129252","https://openalex.org/W6764982603","https://openalex.org/W6765356495","https://openalex.org/W6765597837","https://openalex.org/W6768008261","https://openalex.org/W6774469542","https://openalex.org/W6774549192","https://openalex.org/W6783873723","https://openalex.org/W6787972765","https://openalex.org/W6796285927"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2950183588","https://openalex.org/W3080754722","https://openalex.org/W3093978547","https://openalex.org/W2953536436","https://openalex.org/W3203790781","https://openalex.org/W4313346231","https://openalex.org/W2738001131","https://openalex.org/W4285785480","https://openalex.org/W2997056298","https://openalex.org/W4298079292"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Deep":[0],"learning":[1],"is":[2],"vulnerable":[3],"to":[4,17,23,105],"adversarial":[5,45,127],"examples.":[6],"Many":[7],"defenses":[8],"based":[9],"on":[10,50,60,114],"randomized":[11,51,70,109,130,151],"neural":[12,52,71,110,131,152],"networks":[13,53,132],"have":[14],"been":[15],"proposed":[16,122],"solve":[18],"the":[19,33,41,44,61,65,69,84,100,103,126,145],"problem,":[20],"but":[21],"fail":[22],"achieve":[24],"robustness":[25,128],"against":[26,133],"attacks":[27,46],"using":[28,47],"proxy":[29,48,78],"gradients":[30,49,67,79,85,104],"such":[31],"as":[32],"Expectation":[34],"over":[35],"Transformation":[36],"(EOT)":[37],"attack.":[38],"We":[39,73],"investigate":[40],"effect":[42],"of":[43,64,68,102,129,136,150],"and":[54,117],"demonstrate":[55],"that":[56,77,98,120],"it":[57],"highly":[58],"relies":[59],"directional":[62],"distribution":[63],"loss":[66],"network.":[72,111],"show":[74,119],"in":[75],"particular":[76],"are":[80,86],"less":[81],"effective":[82],"when":[83],"more":[87],"scattered.":[88],"To":[89],"this":[90],"end,":[91],"we":[92],"propose":[93],"Gradient":[94],"Diversity":[95],"(GradDiv)":[96],"regularizations":[97,124],"minimize":[99],"concentration":[101],"build":[106],"a":[107,134],"robust":[108],"Our":[112],"experiments":[113],"MNIST,":[115],"CIFAR10,":[116],"STL10":[118],"our":[121,141],"GradDiv":[123],"improve":[125],"variety":[135],"state-of-the-art":[137],"attack":[138],"methods.":[139],"Moreover,":[140],"method":[142],"efficiently":[143],"reduces":[144],"transferability":[146],"among":[147],"sample":[148],"models":[149],"networks.":[153]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}