{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3085536450","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2022.3163183","title":"Old Photo Restoration via Deep Latent Space Translation","display_name":"Old Photo Restoration via Deep Latent Space Translation","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-03-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3085536450","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2022.3163183","mag":"3085536450","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35349432"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.2022.3163183","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2022.3163183","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Ziyu Wan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2421-3484"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ziyu Wan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2421-3484","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Bo Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9795-4673"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113369","display_name":"Microsoft Research Asia (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/0300m5276","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253","https://openalex.org/I4210113369"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Visual Computing Group, Microsoft Research, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9795-4673","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Visual Computing Group, Microsoft Research, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113369"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Dong Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4642-4373"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1290206253","display_name":"Microsoft (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113369","display_name":"Microsoft Research Asia (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/0300m5276","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253","https://openalex.org/I4210113369"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dong Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Cloud+AI, Redmond, WA, USA","Visual Computing Group, Microsoft Research, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4642-4373","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Cloud+AI, Redmond, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Visual Computing Group, Microsoft Research, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113369"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Pan Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Automation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Automation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Dong Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0588-9331"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1290206253","display_name":"Microsoft (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113369","display_name":"Microsoft Research Asia (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/0300m5276","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253","https://openalex.org/I4210113369"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dong Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Cloud+AI, Redmond, WA, USA","Visual Computing Group, Microsoft Research, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0588-9331","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Cloud+AI, Redmond, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Visual Computing Group, Microsoft Research, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113369"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Fang Wen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113369","display_name":"Microsoft Research Asia (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/0300m5276","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253","https://openalex.org/I4210113369"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fang Wen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Visual Computing Group, Microsoft Research, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Visual Computing Group, Microsoft Research, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113369"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jing Liao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7014-5377"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Liao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7014-5377","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.0893,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":63,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97405914,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"45","issue":"2","first_page":"2071","last_page":"2087"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11105","display_name":"Advanced Image Processing Techniques","score":0.49619999527931213,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11105","display_name":"Advanced Image Processing Techniques","score":0.49619999527931213,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.3614000082015991,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.048900000751018524,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/translation","display_name":"Translation (biology)","score":0.6607000231742859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipeline","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","score":0.6381000280380249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.534500002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5329999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","score":0.5063999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.49070000648498535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.40709999203681946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.4000999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.39329999685287476}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7928000092506409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6969000101089478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149364088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185917","display_name":"Translation (biology)","level":4,"score":0.6607000231742859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.6381000280380249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.534500002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5329999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.5063999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.49070000648498535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4832000136375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.40709999203681946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4000999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.39329999685287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.3635999858379364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779757391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6002292","display_name":"Image translation","level":3,"score":0.36090001463890076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779679103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5251805","display_name":"Degradation (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.34310001134872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.3361000120639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.3107999861240387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106430172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6002272","display_name":"Image restoration","level":4,"score":0.295199990272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.295199990272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.2840999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160920958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7662746","display_name":"Synthetic data","level":2,"score":0.2831000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59404180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17013334","display_name":"Feature learning","level":2,"score":0.28029999136924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.2773999869823456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.2687000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q639681","display_name":"Network architecture","level":2,"score":0.2639000117778778}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.2022.3163183","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2022.3163183","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35349432","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35349432","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":77,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W54257720","https://openalex.org/W1651266332","https://openalex.org/W1916935112","https://openalex.org/W1982471090","https://openalex.org/W2037227137","https://openalex.org/W2048695508","https://openalex.org/W2056370875","https://openalex.org/W2077903051","https://openalex.org/W2097073572","https://openalex.org/W2097713019","https://openalex.org/W2104766217","https://openalex.org/W2112160401","https://openalex.org/W2114122776","https://openalex.org/W2121058967","https://openalex.org/W2121183938","https://openalex.org/W2122424808","https://openalex.org/W2153663612","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2242218935","https://openalex.org/W2331128040","https://openalex.org/W2508457857","https://openalex.org/W2519481857","https://openalex.org/W2536599074","https://openalex.org/W2560533888","https://openalex.org/W2593414223","https://openalex.org/W2613155248","https://openalex.org/W2741137940","https://openalex.org/W2764207251","https://openalex.org/W2798365772","https://openalex.org/W2883102461","https://openalex.org/W2891158090","https://openalex.org/W2962770929","https://openalex.org/W2962785568","https://openalex.org/W2962793481","https://openalex.org/W2962903125","https://openalex.org/W2962974533","https://openalex.org/W2963073614","https://openalex.org/W2963091558","https://openalex.org/W2963312584","https://openalex.org/W2963351448","https://openalex.org/W2963470893","https://openalex.org/W2963583792","https://openalex.org/W2963686971","https://openalex.org/W2963743395","https://openalex.org/W2963800363","https://openalex.org/W2964101377","https://openalex.org/W2964297221","https://openalex.org/W2964343197","https://openalex.org/W2979639244","https://openalex.org/W2979841973","https://openalex.org/W2981682056","https://openalex.org/W2984529706","https://openalex.org/W2984757678","https://openalex.org/W2988579732","https://openalex.org/W2989207674","https://openalex.org/W3024170457","https://openalex.org/W3034259513","https://openalex.org/W3035002246","https://openalex.org/W3043547428","https://openalex.org/W3136958399","https://openalex.org/W3173293964","https://openalex.org/W3175375202","https://openalex.org/W3176913662","https://openalex.org/W3178406257","https://openalex.org/W6629134395","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6640963894","https://openalex.org/W6678856934","https://openalex.org/W6681686951","https://openalex.org/W6726381175","https://openalex.org/W6746466744","https://openalex.org/W6752237900","https://openalex.org/W6757857098","https://openalex.org/W6758681311","https://openalex.org/W6765779288","https://openalex.org/W6779669310","https://openalex.org/W6795996351"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,164],"propose":[1,53],"to":[2,49,77,107,122,179,192,195,209],"restore":[3,196],"old":[4,43,80,129,197,217,251],"photos":[5,31,44,63,81,84,109,198,222,252],"that":[6,20],"suffer":[7],"from":[8,199],"severe":[9],"degradation":[10,28],"through":[11,24],"a":[12,54,133,137,152,171],"deep":[13],"learning":[14],"approach.":[15],"Unlike":[16],"conventional":[17],"restoration":[18],"tasks":[19],"can":[21],"be":[22,259],"solved":[23],"supervised":[25],"learning,":[26],"the":[27,35,46,90,111,117,142,156,167,188,216,230],"in":[29,116,127,187,215,245],"real":[30,42,62,108],"is":[32,97,114],"complex":[33],"and":[34,41,82,148,151,162,256],"domain":[36,57,112],"gap":[37,113],"between":[38,92],"synthetic":[39,67,100],"images":[40],"makes":[45],"network":[47,59,208],"fail":[48],"generalize.":[50],"Therefore,":[51],"we":[52,71,131,203],"novel":[55],"triplet":[56],"translation":[58,91,104],"by":[60],"leveraging":[61],"along":[64],"with":[65,99,136,170,223],"massive":[66],"image":[68],"pairs.":[69],"Specifically,":[70],"train":[72],"two":[73,86,94],"variational":[74],"autoencoders":[75],"(VAEs)":[76],"respectively":[78],"transform":[79],"clean":[83],"into":[85],"latent":[87,95,119,189],"spaces.":[88],"And":[89],"these":[93],"spaces":[96],"learned":[98],"paired":[101],"data.":[102],"This":[103],"generalizes":[105],"well":[106,240],"because":[110],"closed":[115],"compact":[118],"space.":[120],"Besides,":[121],"address":[123],"multiple":[124,200],"degradations":[125],"mixed":[126],"one":[128],"photo,":[130],"design":[132],"global":[134,168],"branch":[135,154,169],"partial":[138],"nonlocal":[139],"block":[140],"targeting":[141,155],"structured":[143],"defects,":[144,158],"such":[145,159],"as":[146,160,239,241],"scratches":[147],"dust":[149],"spots,":[150],"local":[153],"unstructured":[157],"noises":[161],"blurriness.":[163],"also":[165],"extend":[166],"more":[172],"memory-efficient":[173],"scheme,":[174],"named":[175],"multi-scale":[176],"patch-based":[177],"attention":[178],"processing":[180],"high-resolution":[181],"photos.":[182],"Two":[183],"branches":[184],"are":[185],"fused":[186],"space,":[190],"leading":[191],"improved":[193],"capability":[194],"defects.":[201],"Furthermore,":[202],"apply":[204],"another":[205],"face":[206],"refinement":[207],"recover":[210],"fine":[211],"details":[212],"of":[213,247],"faces":[214],"photos,":[218],"thus":[219],"ultimately":[220],"generating":[221],"enhanced":[224],"perceptual":[225],"quality.":[226],"With":[227],"comprehensive":[228],"experiments,":[229],"proposed":[231],"pipeline":[232],"demonstrates":[233],"superior":[234],"performance":[235],"over":[236],"state-of-the-art":[237],"methods":[238],"existing":[242],"commercial":[243],"tools":[244],"terms":[246],"visual":[248],"quality":[249],"for":[250],"restoration.":[253],"Both":[254],"code":[255],"models":[257],"could":[258],"found":[260],"at":[261],"https://github.com/microsoft/Bringing-Old-Photos-Back-to-Life.":[262]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-05-22T09:01:20.584952","created_date":"2020-09-21T00:00:00"}