{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4213449274","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2022.3153645","title":"Effective Local and Global Search for Fast Long-Term Tracking","display_name":"Effective Local and Global Search for Fast Long-Term Tracking","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-02-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4213449274","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2022.3153645","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35196229"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.2022.3153645","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2022.3153645","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Haojie Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6970-5162"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Haojie Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Ganjingzi, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6970-5162","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Ganjingzi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Bin Yan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bin Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Ganjingzi, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Ganjingzi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Dong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6976-4004"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Ganjingzi, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6976-4004","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Ganjingzi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xuesheng Qian","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuesheng Qian","raw_affiliation_strings":["CAS Intellicloud Ltd., Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CAS Intellicloud Ltd., Shanghai, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xiaoyun Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoyun Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Remark Holdings, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Remark Holdings, London, UK","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Huchuan Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6668-9758"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huchuan Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Ganjingzi, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6668-9758","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Ganjingzi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2354,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89054291,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"45","issue":"1","first_page":"460","last_page":"474"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9919999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9919999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.0012000000569969416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minimum-bounding-box","display_name":"Minimum bounding box","score":0.7448999881744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.7247999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking-system","display_name":"Tracking system","score":0.5170999765396118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/video-tracking","display_name":"Video tracking","score":0.4763999879360199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.46549999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bounding-overwatch","display_name":"Bounding overwatch","score":0.44830000400543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.4348999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/local-search","display_name":"Local search (optimization)","score":0.40860000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.4007999897003174}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7605999708175659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147037132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6865426","display_name":"Minimum bounding box","level":3,"score":0.7448999881744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.7247999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6294999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.569599986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154586513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4420972","display_name":"Tracking system","level":3,"score":0.5170999765396118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202474056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1931635","display_name":"Video tracking","level":3,"score":0.4763999879360199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.46549999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63584917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333286","display_name":"Bounding overwatch","level":2,"score":0.44830000400543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.4348999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135320971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1868524","display_name":"Local search (optimization)","level":2,"score":0.40860000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.4007999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.35749998688697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143724316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q312468","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","level":2,"score":0.3569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57501372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2021268","display_name":"BitTorrent tracker","level":3,"score":0.3476000130176544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.3269999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.32679998874664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56461940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970687","display_name":"Eye tracking","level":2,"score":0.3109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132094186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641585","display_name":"Clutter","level":3,"score":0.30410000681877136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32283439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1407014","display_name":"Radar tracker","level":3,"score":0.2971999943256378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13662910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193139","display_name":"Trajectory","level":2,"score":0.2799000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42058472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810214","display_name":"Base (topology)","level":2,"score":0.27559998631477356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.2632000148296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106516650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm design","level":2,"score":0.25679999589920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89992363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5961558","display_name":"Track (disk drive)","level":2,"score":0.2565000057220459}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.2022.3153645","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2022.3153645","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35196229","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35196229","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G123262709","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61806037","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4132881375","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61725202","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4482962263","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62022021","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5100944270","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61829102","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6247817811","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1903215","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":63,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1578066333","https://openalex.org/W1915599933","https://openalex.org/W1955514522","https://openalex.org/W1961392663","https://openalex.org/W1997121481","https://openalex.org/W2066624635","https://openalex.org/W2089961441","https://openalex.org/W2096733369","https://openalex.org/W2117539524","https://openalex.org/W2124211486","https://openalex.org/W2126302311","https://openalex.org/W2154889144","https://openalex.org/W2158592639","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2211629196","https://openalex.org/W2343187456","https://openalex.org/W2408241409","https://openalex.org/W2518876086","https://openalex.org/W2557641257","https://openalex.org/W2592463526","https://openalex.org/W2599547527","https://openalex.org/W2673818281","https://openalex.org/W2739381051","https://openalex.org/W2752782242","https://openalex.org/W2767302379","https://openalex.org/W2781948176","https://openalex.org/W2794669410","https://openalex.org/W2798187154","https://openalex.org/W2799058067","https://openalex.org/W2888456413","https://openalex.org/W2891033863","https://openalex.org/W2917435394","https://openalex.org/W2962917547","https://openalex.org/W2962972233","https://openalex.org/W2963163009","https://openalex.org/W2963227409","https://openalex.org/W2963249584","https://openalex.org/W2963534981","https://openalex.org/W2964099559","https://openalex.org/W2964111344","https://openalex.org/W2964253307","https://openalex.org/W2964423614","https://openalex.org/W2966759264","https://openalex.org/W2985509612","https://openalex.org/W2997896013","https://openalex.org/W2998027361","https://openalex.org/W3001584168","https://openalex.org/W3035725297","https://openalex.org/W3214586131","https://openalex.org/W4296396001","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6638969170","https://openalex.org/W6639102338","https://openalex.org/W6720898849","https://openalex.org/W6726293469","https://openalex.org/W6745863982","https://openalex.org/W6746790618","https://openalex.org/W6753818355","https://openalex.org/W6754389880","https://openalex.org/W6759215614","https://openalex.org/W6761623811","https://openalex.org/W6765999096","https://openalex.org/W6766978945"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Compared":[0],"with":[1,93,244],"short-term":[2,104],"tracking,":[3],"long-term":[4,53,205,212],"tracking":[5,14,54,149,202,206,213,225],"remains":[6],"a":[7,20,48,79,85,102,166,180,186,245],"challenging":[8],"task":[9],"that":[10,170,192,208,237],"usually":[11],"requires":[12],"the":[13,27,58,90,109,116,131,138,148,158,173,238],"algorithm":[15],"to":[16,77,88,107,190],"track":[17],"targets":[18,25],"within":[19],"local":[21,60,67,98,152],"region":[22],"and":[23,36,51,63,84,145,176,207,218,231],"re-detect":[24],"over":[26],"entire":[28],"image.":[29],"However,":[30],"few":[31],"works":[32],"have":[33,39],"been":[34,41],"done":[35],"their":[37],"performances":[38],"also":[40],"limited.":[42],"In":[43],"this":[44,193],"paper,":[45],"we":[46,100,164],"present":[47,142],"novel":[49,167],"robust":[50],"real-time":[52,246],"framework":[55],"based":[56],"on":[57,130,222],"proposed":[59,239],"search":[61,68],"module":[62,69,169,194],"re-detection":[64,168],"module.":[65],"The":[66,112,233],"consists":[70],"of":[71,81,115,151,188],"an":[72],"effective":[73],"bounding":[74],"box":[75],"regressor":[76],"generate":[78],"series":[80,187],"candidate":[82,92],"proposals":[83],"target":[86,110,174,177],"verifier":[87],"infer":[89],"optimal":[91],"its":[94],"confidence":[95],"score.":[96],"For":[97,161],"search,":[99,155],"design":[101],"long":[103],"updated":[105,125],"scheme":[106],"improve":[108,211],"verifier.":[111],"verification":[113,132],"capability":[114],"tracker":[117,135,240],"can":[118,171,195,210],"be":[119,196],"improved":[120],"by":[121],"using":[122],"several":[123,223],"templates":[124],"at":[126,251],"different":[127],"times.":[128],"Based":[129],"scores,":[133],"our":[134],"determines":[136],"whether":[137],"tracked":[139],"object":[140],"is":[141,249],"or":[143,153],"absent":[144],"then":[146],"chooses":[147],"strategies":[150],"global":[154,162],"respectively,":[156],"in":[157],"next":[159],"frame.":[160],"re-detection,":[163],"develop":[165],"estimate":[172],"position":[175],"size":[178],"for":[179,204],"given":[181],"base":[182],"tracker.":[183],"We":[184],"conduct":[185],"experiments":[189,217],"demonstrate":[191,236],"flexibly":[197],"integrated":[198],"into":[199],"many":[200],"other":[201],"algorithms":[203],"it":[209],"performance":[214,243],"effectively.":[215],"Numerous":[216],"discussions":[219],"are":[220],"conducted":[221],"popular":[224],"datasets,":[226],"including":[227],"VOT,":[228],"OxUvA,":[229],"TLP,":[230],"LaSOT.":[232],"experimental":[234],"results":[235],"achieves":[241],"satisfactory":[242],"speed.":[247],"Code":[248],"available":[250],"https://github.com/difhnp/ELGLT.":[252]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-07T13:39:58.223016","created_date":"2022-02-25T00:00:00"}