{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3212813052","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2021.3126668","title":"Progressive Learning of Category-Consistent Multi-Granularity Features for Fine-Grained Visual Classification","display_name":"Progressive Learning of Category-Consistent Multi-Granularity Features for Fine-Grained Visual Classification","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3212813052","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2021.3126668","mag":"3212813052","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34752385"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.2021.3126668","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2021.3126668","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011876517","display_name":"Ruoyi Du","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8372-5637"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruoyi Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pattern Recognition and Intelligent System Laboratory, School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8372-5637","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pattern Recognition and Intelligent System Laboratory, School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048826896","display_name":"Jiyang Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3659-9476"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiyang Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pattern Recognition and Intelligent System Laboratory, School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3659-9476","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pattern Recognition and Intelligent System Laboratory, School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039812471","display_name":"Zhanyu Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2950-2488"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhanyu Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pattern Recognition and Intelligent System Laboratory, School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2950-2488","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pattern Recognition and Intelligent System Laboratory, School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007417490","display_name":"Dongliang Chang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4081-3001"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dongliang Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pattern Recognition and Intelligent System Laboratory, School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4081-3001","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pattern Recognition and Intelligent System Laboratory, School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046046128","display_name":"Yi-Zhe Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5908-3275"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28290843","display_name":"University of Surrey","ror":"https://ror.org/00ks66431","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi-Zhe Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["SketchX, CVSSP, University of Surrey, London, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5908-3275","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SketchX, CVSSP, University of Surrey, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100445470","display_name":"Jun Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9045-1339"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pattern Recognition and Intelligent System Laboratory, School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9045-1339","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pattern Recognition and Intelligent System Laboratory, School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.2548,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":118,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98014246,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"44","issue":"12","first_page":"9521","last_page":"9535"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7298448085784912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/granularity","display_name":"Granularity","score":0.718468427658081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6942712664604187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5188413858413696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contextual-image-classification","display_name":"Contextual image classification","score":0.41986536979675293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3621680438518524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3298477530479431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.14522162079811096}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7298448085784912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177774035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1246948","display_name":"Granularity","level":2,"score":0.718468427658081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6942712664604187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5188413858413696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.41986536979675293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3621680438518524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3298477530479431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.14522162079811096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.2021.3126668","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2021.3126668","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34752385","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34752385","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1216186352","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"202006470036","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","funder_display_name":"China Scholarship Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2357889549","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61922015","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3848188706","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U19B2036","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3900530946","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61773071","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7729746618","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019YFF0303300","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","display_name":"China Scholarship Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04atp4p48"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":61,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W56385144","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1836465849","https://openalex.org/W1846799578","https://openalex.org/W1898560071","https://openalex.org/W1954152232","https://openalex.org/W1980526845","https://openalex.org/W2102605133","https://openalex.org/W2104657103","https://openalex.org/W2118696714","https://openalex.org/W2138011018","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2202499615","https://openalex.org/W2530289846","https://openalex.org/W2737725206","https://openalex.org/W2763070548","https://openalex.org/W2773003563","https://openalex.org/W2798365843","https://openalex.org/W2882999943","https://openalex.org/W2883888092","https://openalex.org/W2891951760","https://openalex.org/W2896328740","https://openalex.org/W2899771611","https://openalex.org/W2901534369","https://openalex.org/W2917452308","https://openalex.org/W2949399848","https://openalex.org/W2951852399","https://openalex.org/W2953915809","https://openalex.org/W2961018736","https://openalex.org/W2962858109","https://openalex.org/W2962928367","https://openalex.org/W2963091558","https://openalex.org/W2963393555","https://openalex.org/W2963407932","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2964036919","https://openalex.org/W2964042923","https://openalex.org/W2982041717","https://openalex.org/W2986821660","https://openalex.org/W2990495699","https://openalex.org/W2997809650","https://openalex.org/W2998619563","https://openalex.org/W3008809756","https://openalex.org/W3009073662","https://openalex.org/W3028797339","https://openalex.org/W3108870912","https://openalex.org/W3151762391","https://openalex.org/W3175048696","https://openalex.org/W4294643831","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6638667902","https://openalex.org/W6638677478","https://openalex.org/W6640559627","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6729881831","https://openalex.org/W6745560452","https://openalex.org/W6754854709","https://openalex.org/W6755069125","https://openalex.org/W6756040250","https://openalex.org/W6764782982"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2931688134","https://openalex.org/W2377919138","https://openalex.org/W2378857091","https://openalex.org/W103652678","https://openalex.org/W4226090359","https://openalex.org/W2059697060","https://openalex.org/W936373746","https://openalex.org/W2975817033","https://openalex.org/W4382701072","https://openalex.org/W2546503577"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Fine-grained":[0],"visual":[1],"classi\ufb01cation":[2,10],"(FGVC)":[3],"is":[4],"much":[5],"more":[6],"challenging":[7],"than":[8],"traditional":[9],"tasks":[11],"due":[12],"to":[13,65,102],"the":[14,30,38,58,63,100,104,120],"inherently":[15],"subtle":[16],"intra-class":[17],"object":[18],"variations.":[19],"Recent":[20],"works":[21],"are":[22,53,132],"mainly":[23],"part-driven":[24],"(either":[25],"explicitly":[26],"or":[27,127],"implicitly),":[28],"with":[29,61],"assumption":[31],"that":[32,50,85,98],"fine-grained":[33],"information":[34],"naturally":[35],"rests":[36],"within":[37],"parts.":[39],"In":[40,76],"this":[41],"paper,":[42],"we":[43,78],"take":[44],"a":[45,81,94],"different":[46,68,90],"stance,":[47],"and":[48,70,92,118],"show":[49],"part":[51],"operations":[52],"not":[54],"strictly":[55],"necessary":[56],"-":[57],"key":[59],"lies":[60],"encouraging":[62],"network":[64,101],"learn":[66,103],"at":[67,107,134],"granularities":[69],"progressively":[71],"fusing":[72],"multi-granularity":[73],"features":[74,88,106],"together.":[75],"particular,":[77],"propose:":[79],"(i)":[80],"progressive":[82],"training":[83],"strategy":[84],"effectively":[86],"fuses":[87],"from":[89],"granularities,":[91],"(ii)":[93],"consistent":[95],"block":[96],"convolution":[97],"encourages":[99],"category-consistent":[105],"specific":[108],"granularities.":[109],"We":[110],"evaluate":[111],"on":[112],"several":[113],"standard":[114],"FGVC":[115],"benchmark":[116],"datasets,":[117],"demonstrate":[119],"proposed":[121],"method":[122],"consistently":[123],"outperforms":[124],"existing":[125],"alternatives":[126],"delivers":[128],"competitive":[129],"results.":[130],"Codes":[131],"available":[133],"https://github.com/PRIS-CV/PMG-V2.":[135]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":37},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":17}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
