{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3173559442","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2021.3093590","title":"Distribution Disagreement via Lorentzian Focal Representation","display_name":"Distribution Disagreement via Lorentzian Focal Representation","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-06-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3173559442","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2021.3093590","mag":"3173559442","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34191723"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.2021.3093590","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2021.3093590","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043782065","display_name":"Xiaofeng Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7391-0334"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114017466","display_name":"University of Technology Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03f0f6041","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}],"countries":["AU","CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaofeng Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Artificial Intelligence, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China","Australian Artificial Intelligence Institute, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7391-0334","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Australian Artificial Intelligence Institute, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Ivor W. Tsang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2211-8176"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114017466","display_name":"University of Technology Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03f0f6041","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ivor W. Tsang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Australian Artificial Intelligence Institute, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2211-8176","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Australian Artificial Intelligence Institute, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4095,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.6749562,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"44","issue":"10","first_page":"6872","last_page":"6889"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12072","display_name":"Machine Learning and Algorithms","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12072","display_name":"Machine Learning and Algorithms","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11652","display_name":"Imbalanced Data Classification Techniques","score":0.970300018787384,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/centroid","display_name":"Centroid","score":0.5837253332138062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5419519543647766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.5371710658073425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5291334390640259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clutter","display_name":"Clutter","score":0.5245416760444641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.483893483877182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4735878109931946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.47278687357902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/euclidean-geometry","display_name":"Euclidean geometry","score":0.43509313464164734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization","display_name":"Generalization","score":0.4325275123119354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.4310377538204193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distribution","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","score":0.4120629131793976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.40182143449783325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.1074633002281189}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146599234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q511093","display_name":"Centroid","level":2,"score":0.5837253332138062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5419519543647766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.5371710658073425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5291334390640259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132094186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641585","display_name":"Clutter","level":3,"score":0.5245416760444641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.483893483877182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4735878109931946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.47278687357902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129782007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162886","display_name":"Euclidean geometry","level":2,"score":0.43509313464164734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.4325275123119354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.4310377538204193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110121322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4120629131793976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.40182143449783325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.1074633002281189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.2021.3093590","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2021.3093590","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34191723","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34191723","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","display_name":"No poverty","score":0.7699999809265137}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1888224328","display_name":"Adversarial Learning of Hybrid Representation","funder_award_id":"DP200101328","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","funder_display_name":"Australian Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3263795131","display_name":"Towards interpretable deep learning with limited examples","funder_award_id":"DP180100106","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","funder_display_name":"Australian Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","display_name":"Australian Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/05mmh0f86"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":85,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W80917968","https://openalex.org/W1585385982","https://openalex.org/W2006907251","https://openalex.org/W2056138823","https://openalex.org/W2095800297","https://openalex.org/W2097373287","https://openalex.org/W2101164044","https://openalex.org/W2115404432","https://openalex.org/W2126836862","https://openalex.org/W2131953535","https://openalex.org/W2137795521","https://openalex.org/W2142007061","https://openalex.org/W2151596305","https://openalex.org/W2153635508","https://openalex.org/W2154952480","https://openalex.org/W2155319834","https://openalex.org/W2165484066","https://openalex.org/W2167595980","https://openalex.org/W2182055801","https://openalex.org/W2471138382","https://openalex.org/W2625559849","https://openalex.org/W2752813595","https://openalex.org/W2767127679","https://openalex.org/W2767437859","https://openalex.org/W2774918944","https://openalex.org/W2797520557","https://openalex.org/W2806695556","https://openalex.org/W2901595091","https://openalex.org/W2922451800","https://openalex.org/W2944955921","https://openalex.org/W2945129723","https://openalex.org/W2946539789","https://openalex.org/W2948646817","https://openalex.org/W2951610569","https://openalex.org/W2951768055","https://openalex.org/W2951786554","https://openalex.org/W2955067198","https://openalex.org/W2962892594","https://openalex.org/W2963466847","https://openalex.org/W2963509659","https://openalex.org/W2964727689","https://openalex.org/W2965018299","https://openalex.org/W2965673159","https://openalex.org/W2986514296","https://openalex.org/W3009557165","https://openalex.org/W3023496898","https://openalex.org/W3093903225","https://openalex.org/W3095809828","https://openalex.org/W3110608319","https://openalex.org/W4212943826","https://openalex.org/W4249215961","https://openalex.org/W4253779515","https://openalex.org/W4255259582","https://openalex.org/W4294371460","https://openalex.org/W4295111765","https://openalex.org/W4295521015","https://openalex.org/W6635184699","https://openalex.org/W6653695713","https://openalex.org/W6674594732","https://openalex.org/W6675150429","https://openalex.org/W6677246231","https://openalex.org/W6680113041","https://openalex.org/W6680810318","https://openalex.org/W6682291466","https://openalex.org/W6683152347","https://openalex.org/W6684836731","https://openalex.org/W6735374517","https://openalex.org/W6739076403","https://openalex.org/W6744262642","https://openalex.org/W6745726950","https://openalex.org/W6746560448","https://openalex.org/W6747231328","https://openalex.org/W6751264767","https://openalex.org/W6751693566","https://openalex.org/W6752479093","https://openalex.org/W6754584241","https://openalex.org/W6756006995","https://openalex.org/W6760443549","https://openalex.org/W6761687610","https://openalex.org/W6762449265","https://openalex.org/W6762655843","https://openalex.org/W6762968097","https://openalex.org/W6765411158","https://openalex.org/W6766403704","https://openalex.org/W6773638259"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2130674020","https://openalex.org/W2093748878","https://openalex.org/W2381926679","https://openalex.org/W2333771223","https://openalex.org/W2120056845","https://openalex.org/W1981531423","https://openalex.org/W1679012645","https://openalex.org/W2070318884","https://openalex.org/W2151191523","https://openalex.org/W115238348"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Error":[0],"disagreement-based":[1],"active":[2],"learning":[3,144],"(AL)":[4],"selects":[5],"the":[6,11,34,44,85,100,115,143],"data":[7],"that":[8],"maximally":[9],"update":[10],"error":[12,133],"of":[13,37,129],"a":[14,39,47,56,66,120],"classification":[15],"hypothesis.":[16],"However,":[17],"poor":[18],"human":[19],"supervision":[20],"(e.g.,":[21],"few":[22],"labels,":[23],"improper":[24],"classifier":[25],"parameters)":[26],"may":[27],"weaken":[28],"or":[29],"clutter":[30],"this":[31,54],"update;":[32],"moreover,":[33],"computational":[35],"cost":[36],"performing":[38],"greedy":[40],"search":[41],"to":[42],"estimate":[43],"errors":[45],"using":[46],"deep":[48,110],"neural":[49,137],"network":[50,138],"is":[51],"intolerable.":[52],"In":[53],"paper,":[55],"novel":[57],"disagreement":[58],"coefficient":[59],"based":[60],"on":[61,69,94,108],"distribution,":[62],"not":[63],"error,":[64],"provides":[65],"tighter":[67],"bound":[68],"label":[70],"complexity,":[71],"which":[72],"further":[73],"guarantees":[74],"its":[75],"generalization":[76],"in":[77,119],"hyperbolic":[78,92],"space.":[79],"The":[80],"focal":[81,116],"points":[82],"derived":[83],"from":[84,97],"squared":[86],"Lorentzian":[87],"distance,":[88],"present":[89],"more":[90],"effective":[91],"representations":[93,131],"aspherical":[95],"distribution":[96],"geometry,":[98],"replacing":[99],"typical":[101,127],"euclidean,":[102],"kernelized,":[103],"and":[104,132,135],"Poincar\u00e9":[105],"centroids.":[106],"Experiments":[107],"different":[109],"AL":[111],"tasks":[112],"show":[113],"that,":[114],"representation":[117],"adopted":[118],"tree-likeliness":[121],"splitting,":[122],"significantly":[123],"performs":[124],"better":[125],"than":[126],"baselines":[128],"centroid":[130],"disagreement,":[134],"state-of-the-art":[136],"architectures-based":[139],"AL,":[140],"dramatically":[141],"accelerating":[142],"process.":[145]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}