{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3171097378","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2021.3087695","title":"Monocular 3D Pose Estimation via Pose Grammar and Data Augmentation","display_name":"Monocular 3D Pose Estimation via Pose Grammar and Data Augmentation","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-06-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3171097378","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2021.3087695","mag":"3171097378","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34106844"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.2021.3087695","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2021.3087695","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005665145","display_name":"Yuanlu Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7095-1018"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuanlu Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Statistics, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7095-1018","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Statistics, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101433884","display_name":"Wenguan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0802-9567"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenguan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Statistics, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0802-9567","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Statistics, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100668020","display_name":"Tengyu Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4006-1740"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tengyu Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Statistics, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4006-1740","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Statistics, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076498350","display_name":"Xiaobai Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2086-5410"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26538001","display_name":"San Diego State University","ror":"https://ror.org/0264fdx42","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26538001"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaobai Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, San Diego State university (SDSU), San Diego, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2086-5410","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, San Diego State university (SDSU), San Diego, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26538001"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102966958","display_name":"Jianwen Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6818-7444"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianwen Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Baidu Research, Sunnyvale, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6818-7444","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Baidu Research, Sunnyvale, CA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034228010","display_name":"Song\u2010Chun Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1925-5973"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Song-Chun Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Statistics, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1925-5973","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Statistics, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.2672,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":46,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93248352,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"44","issue":"10","first_page":"6327","last_page":"6344"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10812","display_name":"Human Pose and Action Recognition","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10812","display_name":"Human Pose and Action Recognition","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pose","display_name":"Pose","score":0.811154305934906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7755841016769409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7548742294311523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.6697100400924683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3d-pose-estimation","display_name":"3D pose estimation","score":0.5729617476463318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.5559758543968201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5518046617507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/articulated-body-pose-estimation","display_name":"Articulated body pose estimation","score":0.5421574711799622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monocular","display_name":"Monocular","score":0.5250102281570435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization","display_name":"Generalization","score":0.5225869417190552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4145321846008301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.328088641166687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10333272814750671}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52102323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671968","display_name":"Pose","level":2,"score":0.811154305934906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7755841016769409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7548742294311523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.6697100400924683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36613465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4636322","display_name":"3D pose estimation","level":3,"score":0.5729617476463318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.5559758543968201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5518046617507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22100474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4800952","display_name":"Articulated body pose estimation","level":4,"score":0.5421574711799622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65909025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1945033","display_name":"Monocular","level":2,"score":0.5250102281570435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.5225869417190552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4145321846008301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.328088641166687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10333272814750671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001696","descriptor_name":"Biomechanical Phenomena","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001696","descriptor_name":"Biomechanical Phenomena","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001696","descriptor_name":"Biomechanical Phenomena","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011187","descriptor_name":"Posture","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011187","descriptor_name":"Posture","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011187","descriptor_name":"Posture","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.2021.3087695","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2021.3087695","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34106844","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34106844","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.5699999928474426,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1340118573","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"W911NF1810296","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338281","funder_display_name":"Army Research Office"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2495749805","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1657600","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337389","funder_display_name":"Division of Information and Intelligent Systems"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4211722790","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N00014-16-1-2007","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","funder_display_name":"Office of Naval Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6606814275","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N66001-17-2-4029","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","funder_display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G780483177","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N66001-17-2-3602","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","funder_display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8861569375","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1423305","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337389","funder_display_name":"Division of Information and Intelligent Systems"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","display_name":"Office of Naval Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00rk2pe57"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337389","display_name":"Division of Information and Intelligent Systems","ror":"https://ror.org/053a2cp42"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338281","display_name":"Army Research Office","ror":"https://ror.org/05epdh915"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":107,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W172111463","https://openalex.org/W1905368000","https://openalex.org/W1943191679","https://openalex.org/W1972573551","https://openalex.org/W1985048009","https://openalex.org/W1986363114","https://openalex.org/W1992971572","https://openalex.org/W2011847016","https://openalex.org/W2013640163","https://openalex.org/W2029287185","https://openalex.org/W2030536784","https://openalex.org/W2034792058","https://openalex.org/W2039262381","https://openalex.org/W2054820429","https://openalex.org/W2054990548","https://openalex.org/W2061315523","https://openalex.org/W2067977053","https://openalex.org/W2071882725","https://openalex.org/W2074584543","https://openalex.org/W2076542142","https://openalex.org/W2079846689","https://openalex.org/W2080873731","https://openalex.org/W2088196373","https://openalex.org/W2089505529","https://openalex.org/W2097041931","https://openalex.org/W2099333815","https://openalex.org/W2099972257","https://openalex.org/W2101032778","https://openalex.org/W2101143083","https://openalex.org/W2105041273","https://openalex.org/W2107088729","https://openalex.org/W2111446867","https://openalex.org/W2118931255","https://openalex.org/W2131774270","https://openalex.org/W2134704262","https://openalex.org/W2135533529","https://openalex.org/W2135826343","https://openalex.org/W2145108814","https://openalex.org/W2152926413","https://openalex.org/W2155196764","https://openalex.org/W2156928353","https://openalex.org/W2168356304","https://openalex.org/W2169738563","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2256477790","https://openalex.org/W2293220651","https://openalex.org/W2307770531","https://openalex.org/W2404595106","https://openalex.org/W2416798379","https://openalex.org/W2467838519","https://openalex.org/W2483862638","https://openalex.org/W2495761211","https://openalex.org/W2515603221","https://openalex.org/W2519469348","https://openalex.org/W2520324844","https://openalex.org/W2554247908","https://openalex.org/W2557698284","https://openalex.org/W2559085405","https://openalex.org/W2583372902","https://openalex.org/W2583585015","https://openalex.org/W2602359856","https://openalex.org/W2604234451","https://openalex.org/W2604375920","https://openalex.org/W2607081783","https://openalex.org/W2612706635","https://openalex.org/W2737106217","https://openalex.org/W2756050327","https://openalex.org/W2758778552","https://openalex.org/W2769151336","https://openalex.org/W2769237672","https://openalex.org/W2781181706","https://openalex.org/W2788865504","https://openalex.org/W2795089319","https://openalex.org/W2796001081","https://openalex.org/W2798734012","https://openalex.org/W2806998878","https://openalex.org/W2885364117","https://openalex.org/W2892270791","https://openalex.org/W2934361577","https://openalex.org/W2962896489","https://openalex.org/W2963013806","https://openalex.org/W2963192850","https://openalex.org/W2963355447","https://openalex.org/W2963441822","https://openalex.org/W2963475767","https://openalex.org/W2963592930","https://openalex.org/W2963688992","https://openalex.org/W2963738870","https://openalex.org/W2963995996","https://openalex.org/W2964016027","https://openalex.org/W2964179555","https://openalex.org/W2964318832","https://openalex.org/W2964341382","https://openalex.org/W2970285700","https://openalex.org/W2981637078","https://openalex.org/W2981660954","https://openalex.org/W2982627166","https://openalex.org/W3004162361","https://openalex.org/W3009246422","https://openalex.org/W3098473649","https://openalex.org/W3098612954","https://openalex.org/W4205969993","https://openalex.org/W4252182960","https://openalex.org/W4296980399","https://openalex.org/W6684665197","https://openalex.org/W6712333017","https://openalex.org/W6719727587"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2946083937","https://openalex.org/W2798721181","https://openalex.org/W2951583186","https://openalex.org/W4299867837","https://openalex.org/W2088028039","https://openalex.org/W4382141741","https://openalex.org/W4386075737","https://openalex.org/W1968783203","https://openalex.org/W4206633503","https://openalex.org/W2574567538"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,92],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,94],"propose":[4,123],"a":[5,18,33,48,57,69,96,124],"pose":[6,15,27,120],"grammar":[7],"to":[8,38,66,100,132],"tackle":[9],"the":[10,29,64,134],"problem":[11],"of":[12,47,59,71,137],"3D":[13,41,118],"human":[14,74,90,119],"estimation":[16],"from":[17],"monocular":[19],"RGB":[20],"image.":[21],"Our":[22],"model":[23,45,84,103],"takes":[24],"estimated":[25],"2D":[26],"as":[28],"input":[30],"and":[31,56,108,122],"learns":[32],"generalized":[34],"2D-3D":[35],"mapping":[36],"function":[37],"leverage":[39],"into":[40],"pose.":[42],"The":[43,82],"proposed":[44,83],"consists":[46],"base":[49],"network":[50],"which":[51],"efficiently":[52],"captures":[53],"pose-aligned":[54],"features":[55],"hierarchy":[58],"Bi-directional":[60],"RNNs":[61],"(BRNNs)":[62],"on":[63,116,129],"top":[65],"explicitly":[67],"incorporate":[68],"set":[70],"knowledge":[72],"regarding":[73],"body":[75],"configuration":[76],"(i.e.,":[77],"kinematics,":[78],"symmetry,":[79],"motor":[80],"coordination).":[81],"thus":[85],"enforces":[86],"high-level":[87],"constraints":[88],"over":[89],"poses.":[91],"learning,":[93],"develop":[95],"data":[97],"augmentation":[98],"algorithm":[99],"further":[101],"improve":[102],"robustness":[104],"against":[105],"appearance":[106],"variations":[107],"cross-view":[109,130],"generalization":[110,135],"ability.":[111],"We":[112,140],"validate":[113],"our":[114,153],"method":[115,154],"public":[117],"benchmarks":[121],"new":[125],"evaluation":[126],"protocol":[127],"working":[128],"setting":[131,151],"verify":[133],"capability":[136],"different":[138],"methods.":[139],"empirically":[141],"observe":[142],"that":[143],"most":[144],"state-of-the-art":[145],"methods":[146],"encounter":[147],"difficulty":[148],"under":[149],"such":[150,158],"while":[152],"can":[155],"well":[156],"handle":[157],"challenges.":[159]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-31T08:31:51.225901","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}