{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3094016573","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2020.3033882","title":"FlatNet: Towards Photorealistic Scene Reconstruction from Lensless Measurements","display_name":"FlatNet: Towards Photorealistic Scene Reconstruction from Lensless Measurements","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3094016573","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2020.3033882","mag":"3094016573","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33104508"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.2020.3033882","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2020.3033882","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2010.15440","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107145969","display_name":"Salman S. Khan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24676775","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Madras","ror":"https://ror.org/03v0r5n49","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24676775"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Salman Siddique Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24676775"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102886520","display_name":"Varun Sundar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8261-3630"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24676775","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Madras","ror":"https://ror.org/03v0r5n49","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24676775"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Varun Sundar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24676775"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002522068","display_name":"Vivek Boominathan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4875-3135"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74775410","display_name":"Rice University","ror":"https://ror.org/008zs3103","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74775410"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vivek Boominathan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rice University, Houston, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rice University, Houston, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74775410"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073971393","display_name":"Ashok Veeraraghavan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5043-7460"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74775410","display_name":"Rice University","ror":"https://ror.org/008zs3103","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74775410"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ashok Veeraraghavan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rice University, Houston, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rice University, Houston, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74775410"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006862080","display_name":"Kaushik Mitra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6747-9050"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24676775","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Madras","ror":"https://ror.org/03v0r5n49","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24676775"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaushik Mitra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24676775"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.2166,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":92,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95481537,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"44","issue":"4","first_page":"1","last_page":"1"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11105","display_name":"Advanced Image Processing Techniques","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.7456591129302979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7283576726913452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6403661966323853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iterative-reconstruction","display_name":"Iterative reconstruction","score":0.5613510012626648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.5019435882568359}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.7456591129302979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7283576726913452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6403661966323853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141379421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6094427","display_name":"Iterative reconstruction","level":2,"score":0.5613510012626648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.5019435882568359}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.2020.3033882","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2020.3033882","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33104508","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33104508","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2010.15440","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2010.15440","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2010.15440","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8979921","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8979921","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2010.15440","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2010.15440","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2010.15440","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5099999904632568,"display_name":"No poverty","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1295538918","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R21 EY029459","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337350","funder_display_name":"National Eye Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1917391697","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CCF-1730574","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3622353886","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"HR0011-17-C0026","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","funder_display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7854789796","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R21EY029459","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8561693720","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IIS- 1652633","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337350","display_name":"National Eye Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03wkg3b53"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1982397451","https://openalex.org/W2009281170","https://openalex.org/W2020988779","https://openalex.org/W2043447070","https://openalex.org/W2092680585","https://openalex.org/W2100476607","https://openalex.org/W2114453375","https://openalex.org/W2117539524","https://openalex.org/W2122548617","https://openalex.org/W2132426365","https://openalex.org/W2151300325","https://openalex.org/W2162501087","https://openalex.org/W2219727625","https://openalex.org/W2273561594","https://openalex.org/W2331128040","https://openalex.org/W2476548250","https://openalex.org/W2487564216","https://openalex.org/W2516582653","https://openalex.org/W2533773580","https://openalex.org/W2590662779","https://openalex.org/W2604885021","https://openalex.org/W2773515295","https://openalex.org/W2795680203","https://openalex.org/W2798559986","https://openalex.org/W2953583120","https://openalex.org/W2962785568","https://openalex.org/W2962953024","https://openalex.org/W2963470893","https://openalex.org/W2963501224","https://openalex.org/W2963634756","https://openalex.org/W2964276878","https://openalex.org/W2964309429","https://openalex.org/W2971240841","https://openalex.org/W2985577924","https://openalex.org/W3009113828","https://openalex.org/W3019205968","https://openalex.org/W3102722370","https://openalex.org/W3103393705","https://openalex.org/W3103783116","https://openalex.org/W3169751856","https://openalex.org/W4234992901","https://openalex.org/W4320013936","https://openalex.org/W4320930577","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6746023985","https://openalex.org/W6751724913","https://openalex.org/W6796842210"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2772917594","https://openalex.org/W2036807459","https://openalex.org/W2058170566","https://openalex.org/W2755342338","https://openalex.org/W2166024367","https://openalex.org/W3116076068","https://openalex.org/W2229312674","https://openalex.org/W2951359407","https://openalex.org/W2079911747","https://openalex.org/W1969923398"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Lensless":[0],"imaging":[1],"has":[2],"emerged":[3],"as":[4],"a":[5,18,22,56,81,114,129,174,182],"potential":[6],"solution":[7],"towards":[8],"realizing":[9],"ultra-miniature":[10],"cameras":[11,27],"by":[12,119,155],"eschewing":[13],"the":[14,25,34,40,93,111,123,135],"bulky":[15],"lens":[16],"in":[17,64,69,147],"traditional":[19],"camera.":[20],"Without":[21],"focusing":[23],"lens,":[24],"lensless":[26,73,90,169,204],"rely":[28],"on":[29,159],"computational":[30],"algorithms":[31,44],"to":[32,199],"recover":[33],"scenes":[35,163],"from":[36,88],"multiplexed":[37],"measurements.":[38],"However,":[39],"current":[41],"iterative-optimization-based":[42],"reconstruction":[43,60,118],"produce":[45],"noisier":[46],"and":[47,127,161,178,196],"perceptually":[48],"poorer":[49],"images.":[50],"In":[51],"this":[52,139],"work,":[53],"we":[54],"propose":[55],"non-iterative":[57],"deep":[58],"learning-based":[59],"approach":[61,190],"that":[62,109,133],"results":[63],"orders":[65],"of":[66,102,116,138,168],"magnitude":[67],"improvement":[68],"image":[70],"quality":[71,137],"for":[72,83,201],"reconstructions.":[74],"Our":[75,188],"approach,":[76],"called":[77],"FlatNet,":[78],"lays":[79],"down":[80],"framework":[82],"reconstructing":[84],"high-quality":[85,153],"photorealistic":[86,194],"images":[87],"mask-based":[89,203],"cameras,":[91],"where":[92],"camera's":[94],"forward":[95,124,176],"model":[96,125,177],"formulation":[97],"is":[98,191,197],"known.":[99],"FlatNet":[100],"consists":[101],"two":[103,165],"stages:":[104],"(1)":[105],"an":[106,148],"inversion":[107],"stage":[108,132],"maps":[110],"measurement":[112],"into":[113],"space":[115],"intermediate":[117,140],"learning":[120],"parameters":[121],"within":[122],"formulation,":[126],"(2)":[128],"perceptual":[130,136],"enhancement":[131],"improves":[134],"reconstruction.":[141],"These":[142],"stages":[143],"are":[144],"trained":[145],"together":[146],"end-to-end":[149,189],"manner.":[150],"We":[151],"show":[152],"reconstructions":[154],"performing":[156],"extensive":[157],"experiments":[158],"real":[160],"challenging":[162],"using":[164],"different":[166],"types":[167],"prototypes:":[170],"one":[171],"which":[172,180],"uses":[173,181],"separable":[175],"another,":[179],"more":[183],"general":[184],"non-separable":[185],"cropped-convolution":[186],"model.":[187],"fast,":[192],"produces":[193],"reconstructions,":[195],"easy":[198],"adopt":[200],"other":[202],"cameras.":[205]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T08:27:34.040176","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
