{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3092500685","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2020.3029948","title":"Contrastive Adaptation Network for Single- and Multi-Source Domain Adaptation","display_name":"Contrastive Adaptation Network for Single- and Multi-Source Domain Adaptation","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-10-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3092500685","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2020.3029948","mag":"3092500685","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33035160"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.2020.3029948","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2020.3029948","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/34/9729045/09219132.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/34/9729045/09219132.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011488839","display_name":"Guoliang Kang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1978-2025"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Guoliang Kang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Language Technologies Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1978-2025","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Language Technologies Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090730336","display_name":"Lu Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0286-8439"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lu Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0286-8439","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087043856","display_name":"Yunchao Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2812-8781"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114017466","display_name":"University of Technology Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03f0f6041","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunchao Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["AAII, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2812-8781","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AAII, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005421447","display_name":"Yi Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0512-880X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114017466","display_name":"University of Technology Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03f0f6041","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["AAII, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0512-880X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AAII, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107836252","display_name":"Alexander G. Hauptmann","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Hauptmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Language Technologies Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Language Technologies Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5011488839"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.2077,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":123,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97670644,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"44","issue":"4","first_page":"1793","last_page":"1804"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10515","display_name":"Cancer-related molecular mechanisms research","score":0.90420001745224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1306","display_name":"Cancer Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8214573860168457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.608578622341156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.593156635761261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5202968716621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5186192393302917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.5173599123954773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-source","display_name":"Multi-source","score":0.479084312915802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.46765393018722534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.465166836977005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.44222408533096313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptation","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","score":0.44144514203071594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization","display_name":"Generalization","score":0.4317772388458252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.42627519369125366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.07937106490135193}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8214573860168457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.608578622341156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.593156635761261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5202968716621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5186192393302917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.5173599123954773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780665216","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6934498","display_name":"Multi-source","level":2,"score":0.479084312915802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.46765393018722534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.465166836977005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.44222408533096313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139807058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352374","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","level":2,"score":0.44144514203071594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.4317772388458252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.42627519369125366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.07937106490135193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016000","descriptor_name":"Cluster Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016000","descriptor_name":"Cluster Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016000","descriptor_name":"Cluster Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.2020.3029948","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2020.3029948","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/34/9729045/09219132.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33035160","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33035160","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.2020.3029948","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2020.3029948","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/34/9729045/09219132.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","display_name":"No poverty","score":0.4300000071525574}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3092500685.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3092500685.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1565327149","https://openalex.org/W1722318740","https://openalex.org/W1779010541","https://openalex.org/W1995137594","https://openalex.org/W2060300932","https://openalex.org/W2096733369","https://openalex.org/W2096943734","https://openalex.org/W2104094955","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2122084318","https://openalex.org/W2131953535","https://openalex.org/W2138621090","https://openalex.org/W2159570078","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2467139031","https://openalex.org/W2562192638","https://openalex.org/W2584009249","https://openalex.org/W2593768305","https://openalex.org/W2598634450","https://openalex.org/W2610880400","https://openalex.org/W2744915377","https://openalex.org/W2766897166","https://openalex.org/W2788768841","https://openalex.org/W2884771968","https://openalex.org/W2962687275","https://openalex.org/W2963506806","https://openalex.org/W2963532621","https://openalex.org/W2964055354","https://openalex.org/W2964288524","https://openalex.org/W2969893028","https://openalex.org/W2981630749","https://openalex.org/W2981720610","https://openalex.org/W2998115938","https://openalex.org/W3034324233","https://openalex.org/W3104433444","https://openalex.org/W6633949838","https://openalex.org/W6639480849","https://openalex.org/W6675865240","https://openalex.org/W6683032868","https://openalex.org/W6683633756","https://openalex.org/W6695692224","https://openalex.org/W6713955831","https://openalex.org/W6725448924","https://openalex.org/W6730389898","https://openalex.org/W6730623217","https://openalex.org/W6735531217","https://openalex.org/W6745831770","https://openalex.org/W6745986955","https://openalex.org/W6746171285","https://openalex.org/W6746282794","https://openalex.org/W6750109254","https://openalex.org/W6754770232"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W17155033","https://openalex.org/W3207760230","https://openalex.org/W1496222301","https://openalex.org/W1590307681","https://openalex.org/W4312814274","https://openalex.org/W4285370786","https://openalex.org/W2296488620","https://openalex.org/W2358353312","https://openalex.org/W2353836703","https://openalex.org/W2075445622"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Unsupervised":[0],"domain":[1,9,25,64,69,137,147],"adaptation":[2,48,138],"(UDA)":[3],"makes":[4],"predictions":[5],"for":[6,198,203],"the":[7,18,24,28,62,67,82,90,106,111,133,157,179,185,199,204,208,217,224],"target":[8,83,107,170],"data":[10],"while":[11],"manual":[12],"annotations":[13],"are":[14,85,188],"only":[15],"available":[16],"in":[17],"source":[19,146,162],"domain.":[20],"Previous":[21],"methods":[22],"minimize":[23],"discrepancy":[26,65],"neglecting":[27],"class":[29],"information,":[30],"which":[31,155],"may":[32],"lead":[33],"to":[34,78,103,119,132,142,164,177,184],"misalignment":[35],"and":[36,66,88,110,123,135,168,173,196],"poor":[37],"generalization":[38],"performance.":[39],"To":[40,71],"tackle":[41],"this":[42,44],"issue,":[43],"paper":[45],"proposes":[46],"contrastive":[47],"network":[49],"(CAN)":[50],"that":[51,211],"optimizes":[52],"a":[53],"new":[54],"metric":[55],"named":[56],"Contrastive":[57],"Domain":[58],"Discrepancy":[59],"explicitly":[60],"modeling":[61],"intra-class":[63],"inter-class":[68],"discrepancy.":[70],"optimize":[72,104],"CAN,":[73],"two":[74],"technical":[75],"issues":[76],"need":[77],"be":[79,129],"addressed:":[80],"1)":[81,151],"labels":[84],"not":[86],"available;":[87],"2)":[89,174],"conventional":[91],"mini-batch":[92],"sampling":[93,118],"is":[94],"imbalanced.":[95],"Thus":[96],"we":[97,115,149],"design":[98],"an":[99],"alternating":[100],"update":[101],"strategy":[102],"both":[105],"label":[108,171],"estimations":[109],"feature":[112],"representations.":[113],"Moreover,":[114],"develop":[116],"class-aware":[117],"enable":[120],"more":[121,166],"efficient":[122],"effective":[124],"training.":[125],"Our":[126],"framework":[127],"can":[128],"generally":[130],"applied":[131],"single-source":[134,200],"multi-source":[136,152,205],"scenarios.":[139],"In":[140],"particular,":[141],"deal":[143],"with":[144],"multiple":[145],"data,":[148],"propose:":[150],"clustering":[153],"ensemble":[154],"exploits":[156],"complementary":[158],"knowledge":[159],"of":[160,226,230],"distinct":[161],"domains":[163],"make":[165,178],"accurate":[167],"robust":[169],"estimations;":[172],"boundary-sensitive":[175],"alignment":[176],"decision":[180],"boundary":[181],"better":[182],"fitted":[183],"target.":[186],"Experiments":[187],"conducted":[189],"on":[190],"three":[191],"real-world":[192],"benchmarks":[193],"(i.e.,":[194],"Office-31":[195],"VisDA-2017":[197],"scenario,":[201],"DomainNet":[202],"scenario).":[206],"All":[207],"results":[209],"demonstrate":[210],"our":[212,231],"CAN":[213],"performs":[214],"favorably":[215],"against":[216],"state-of-the-art":[218],"methods.":[219],"Ablation":[220],"studies":[221],"also":[222],"verify":[223],"effectiveness":[225],"each":[227],"key":[228],"component":[229],"proposed":[232],"system.":[233]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11}],"updated_date":"2026-05-08T15:41:06.802602","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}