{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3088776583","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2020.3026019","title":"Additive Tree-Structured Conditional Parameter Spaces in Bayesian Optimization: A Novel Covariance Function and a Fast Implementation","display_name":"Additive Tree-Structured Conditional Parameter Spaces in Bayesian Optimization: A Novel Covariance Function and a Fast Implementation","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-09-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3088776583","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2020.3026019","mag":"3088776583","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32960762"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.2020.3026019","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2020.3026019","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2010.03171","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085379686","display_name":"Xingchen Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9667-3768"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xingchen Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Center for Processing Speech and Images, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9667-3768","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Center for Processing Speech and Images, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077783791","display_name":"Matthew B. Blaschko","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2640-181X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew B. Blaschko","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Center for Processing Speech and Images, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2640-181X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Center for Processing Speech and Images, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7823,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78723502,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"43","issue":"9","first_page":"3024","last_page":"3036"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12072","display_name":"Machine Learning and Algorithms","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12814","display_name":"Gaussian Processes and Bayesian Inference","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayesian-optimization","display_name":"Bayesian optimization","score":0.6350197792053223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5423418283462524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covariance","display_name":"Covariance","score":0.5326012969017029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.5021705627441406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.4662550687789917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pruning","display_name":"Pruning","score":0.44939547777175903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.439856618642807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.43347951769828796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.40603071451187134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.4056427776813507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.38897475600242615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3520638942718506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.11708638072013855}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778049539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17002908","display_name":"Bayesian optimization","level":2,"score":0.6350197792053223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5423418283462524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178650346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201984","display_name":"Covariance","level":2,"score":0.5326012969017029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.5021705627441406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.4662550687789917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108010975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q500094","display_name":"Pruning","level":2,"score":0.44939547777175903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.439856618642807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.43347951769828796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.40603071451187134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.4056427776813507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.38897475600242615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3520638942718506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.11708638072013855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.2020.3026019","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2020.3026019","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:32960762","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32960762","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2010.03171","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2010.03171","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2010.03171","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:lirias2repo.kuleuven.be:123456789/660397","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://lirias.kuleuven.be/handle/123456789/660397","pdf_url":"https://lirias.kuleuven.be/bitstream/123456789/660397/2/4528_accepted.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055369","display_name":"Lirias","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Ieee Transactions On Pattern Analysis And Machine Intelligence, vol. 43 (9), (3024-3036)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2010.03171","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2010.03171","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2010.03171","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327336","display_name":"Vlaamse regering","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":70,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W60686164","https://openalex.org/W1484867920","https://openalex.org/W1510052597","https://openalex.org/W1570963478","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1693986406","https://openalex.org/W1746819321","https://openalex.org/W1871676304","https://openalex.org/W2071453418","https://openalex.org/W2097998348","https://openalex.org/W2099201756","https://openalex.org/W2106411961","https://openalex.org/W2113207845","https://openalex.org/W2130283669","https://openalex.org/W2133255100","https://openalex.org/W2139805416","https://openalex.org/W2155927283","https://openalex.org/W2192203593","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2226783037","https://openalex.org/W2395270962","https://openalex.org/W2556522401","https://openalex.org/W2622730215","https://openalex.org/W2734383650","https://openalex.org/W2741261073","https://openalex.org/W2788642651","https://openalex.org/W2873705236","https://openalex.org/W2909800602","https://openalex.org/W2912099989","https://openalex.org/W2913076816","https://openalex.org/W2951665052","https://openalex.org/W2962835968","https://openalex.org/W2963285578","https://openalex.org/W2963474950","https://openalex.org/W2963659022","https://openalex.org/W2963815651","https://openalex.org/W2988371863","https://openalex.org/W3036277622","https://openalex.org/W3037090520","https://openalex.org/W3118608800","https://openalex.org/W3124229194","https://openalex.org/W4211049957","https://openalex.org/W4288639403","https://openalex.org/W4289761856","https://openalex.org/W4298089762","https://openalex.org/W4300716136","https://openalex.org/W4324317500","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6637591494","https://openalex.org/W6639099100","https://openalex.org/W6674385629","https://openalex.org/W6675200109","https://openalex.org/W6676179485","https://openalex.org/W6677088747","https://openalex.org/W6679226052","https://openalex.org/W6680331187","https://openalex.org/W6685562342","https://openalex.org/W6689352027","https://openalex.org/W6711937300","https://openalex.org/W6713783767","https://openalex.org/W6730169791","https://openalex.org/W6738826578","https://openalex.org/W6742475922","https://openalex.org/W6748577587","https://openalex.org/W6753146606","https://openalex.org/W6757794738","https://openalex.org/W6758607639","https://openalex.org/W6764988152","https://openalex.org/W6779521515","https://openalex.org/W6787972765"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2378211422","https://openalex.org/W2745001401","https://openalex.org/W4321353415","https://openalex.org/W2130974462","https://openalex.org/W2028665553","https://openalex.org/W2086519370","https://openalex.org/W972276598","https://openalex.org/W2087343574","https://openalex.org/W4246352526","https://openalex.org/W4382203014"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Bayesian":[0],"optimization":[1,7,22,87,102,135],"(BO)":[2],"is":[3],"a":[4,77,92,106],"sample-efficient":[5],"global":[6],"algorithm":[8,79],"for":[9,132],"black-box":[10],"functions":[11,42],"which":[12],"are":[13,27],"expensive":[14],"to":[15,40,80],"evaluate.":[16],"Existing":[17],"literature":[18],"on":[19,30,100,105,112],"model":[20],"based":[21],"in":[23,71,91],"conditional":[24,133],"parameter":[25,65,134],"spaces":[26,66],"usually":[28],"built":[29],"trees.":[31],"In":[32],"this":[33,86],"work,":[34],"we":[35,75],"generalize":[36],"the":[37,61,68,72,82,126,130],"additive":[38,46,69],"assumption":[39,70],"tree-structured":[41,47],"and":[43,55,67,85,111,116,139],"propose":[44],"an":[45,101],"covariance":[48],"function,":[49,104],"showing":[50],"improved":[51],"sample-efficiency,":[52],"wider":[53],"applicability":[54],"greater":[56],"flexibility.":[57],"Furthermore,":[58],"by":[59],"incorporating":[60],"structure":[62],"information":[63],"of":[64,129],"BO":[73],"loop,":[74],"develop":[76],"parallel":[78],"optimize":[81],"acquisition":[83],"function":[84],"can":[88],"be":[89],"performed":[90],"low":[93],"dimensional":[94],"space.":[95],"We":[96],"demonstrate":[97],"our":[98,122],"method":[99],"benchmark":[103],"neural":[107],"network":[108],"compression":[109],"problem":[110],"pruning":[113],"pre-trained":[114],"VGG16":[115],"ResNet50":[117],"models.":[118],"Experimental":[119],"results":[120],"show":[121],"approach":[123],"significantly":[124],"outperforms":[125],"current":[127],"state":[128],"art":[131],"including":[136],"SMAC,":[137],"TPE":[138],"Jenatton":[140],"et":[141],"al.":[142],"(2017).":[143]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
