{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3085685449","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2020.3023152","title":"Leveraging Instance-, Image- and Dataset-Level Information for Weakly Supervised Instance Segmentation","display_name":"Leveraging Instance-, Image- and Dataset-Level Information for Weakly Supervised Instance Segmentation","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-09-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3085685449","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2020.3023152","mag":"3085685449","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32915726"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.2020.3023152","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2020.3023152","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056961910","display_name":"Yun Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6143-0264"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205237279","display_name":"Nankai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y1kjr75","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205237279"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yun Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["TKLNDST, College of Computer Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, China","CCCE & CS, Nankai University, 12538 Tianjin, Tianjin China (e-mail: nk12csly@mail.nankai.edu.cn)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TKLNDST, College of Computer Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205237279"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CCCE & CS, Nankai University, 12538 Tianjin, Tianjin China (e-mail: nk12csly@mail.nankai.edu.cn)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205237279"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001598042","display_name":"Yu-Huan Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8666-3435"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205237279","display_name":"Nankai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y1kjr75","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205237279"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu-Huan Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["TKLNDST, College of Computer Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, China","[Computer Science, Nankai University, 12538 Tianjin, Tianjin, China, (e-mail: wuyuhuan@mail.nankai.edu.cn)]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TKLNDST, College of Computer Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205237279"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Computer Science, Nankai University, 12538 Tianjin, Tianjin, China, (e-mail: wuyuhuan@mail.nankai.edu.cn)]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205237279"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102819339","display_name":"Peisong Wen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9589-2563"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205237279","display_name":"Nankai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y1kjr75","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205237279"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peisong Wen","raw_affiliation_strings":["TKLNDST, College of Computer Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, China","[Computer Science, Nankai University, 12538 Tianjin, Tianjin, China, (e-mail: wps_@mail.nankai.edu.cn)]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TKLNDST, College of Computer Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205237279"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Computer Science, Nankai University, 12538 Tianjin, Tianjin, China, (e-mail: wps_@mail.nankai.edu.cn)]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205237279"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102345838","display_name":"Yujun Shi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205237279","display_name":"Nankai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y1kjr75","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205237279"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yujun Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["TKLNDST, College of Computer Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, China","[Computer Science, Nankai University, 12538 Tianjin, Tianjin, China, (e-mail: 1511201@mail.nankai.edu.cn)]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TKLNDST, College of Computer Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205237279"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Computer Science, Nankai University, 12538 Tianjin, Tianjin, China, (e-mail: 1511201@mail.nankai.edu.cn)]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205237279"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070170804","display_name":"Yu Qiu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6722-3039"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205237279","display_name":"Nankai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y1kjr75","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205237279"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Qiu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Artificial Intelligence, Nankai University, Tianjin, China","[Computer Science, Nankai University, 12538 Tianjin, Tianjin, China, (e-mail: yqiu@mail.nankai.edu.cn)]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Artificial Intelligence, Nankai University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205237279"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Computer Science, Nankai University, 12538 Tianjin, Tianjin, China, (e-mail: yqiu@mail.nankai.edu.cn)]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205237279"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037131575","display_name":"Ming\u2010Ming Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5550-8758"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205237279","display_name":"Nankai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y1kjr75","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205237279"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ming-Ming Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["TKLNDST, College of Computer Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, China","Computer Science, Nankai University, 12538 Tianjin, Tianjin China 300071 (e-mail: cmm@nankai.edu.cn)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TKLNDST, College of Computer Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205237279"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science, Nankai University, 12538 Tianjin, Tianjin China 300071 (e-mail: cmm@nankai.edu.cn)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205237279"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5056961910"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205237279"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.7229,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":163,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98622846,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"44","issue":"3","first_page":"1415","last_page":"1428"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12549","display_name":"Image and Object Detection Techniques","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7403240203857422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7397603988647461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.6890069246292114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minimum-bounding-box","display_name":"Minimum bounding box","score":0.6369101405143738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5614012479782104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.5558958053588867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.5248132944107056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prior-probability","display_name":"Prior probability","score":0.5206869840621948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bounding-overwatch","display_name":"Bounding overwatch","score":0.4743027687072754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.4401343762874603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.43455222249031067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.3991237282752991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.39303234219551086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.12320500612258911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayesian-probability","display_name":"Bayesian probability","score":0.09077391028404236}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7403240203857422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7397603988647461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.6890069246292114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147037132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6865426","display_name":"Minimum bounding box","level":3,"score":0.6369101405143738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5614012479782104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.5558958053588867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.5248132944107056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177769412","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q278090","display_name":"Prior probability","level":3,"score":0.5206869840621948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63584917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333286","display_name":"Bounding overwatch","level":2,"score":0.4743027687072754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.4401343762874603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.43455222249031067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3991237282752991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.39303234219551086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.12320500612258911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107673813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812534","display_name":"Bayesian probability","level":2,"score":0.09077391028404236}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.2020.3023152","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2020.3023152","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:32915726","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32915726","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3432882601","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61922046","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6866399467","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"18ZXZNGX00110","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323993","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin City"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323993","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin City","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":94,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W261873710","https://openalex.org/W611457968","https://openalex.org/W1503398984","https://openalex.org/W1507506748","https://openalex.org/W1536680647","https://openalex.org/W1567302070","https://openalex.org/W1783315696","https://openalex.org/W1861492603","https://openalex.org/W1903029394","https://openalex.org/W1945608308","https://openalex.org/W1954200810","https://openalex.org/W2037227137","https://openalex.org/W2044343300","https://openalex.org/W2087100776","https://openalex.org/W2088049833","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2124351162","https://openalex.org/W2133515615","https://openalex.org/W2152986618","https://openalex.org/W2160613239","https://openalex.org/W2168804568","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2216125271","https://openalex.org/W2221898772","https://openalex.org/W2295107390","https://openalex.org/W2306289963","https://openalex.org/W2337429362","https://openalex.org/W2340897893","https://openalex.org/W2412782625","https://openalex.org/W2516803306","https://openalex.org/W2519610629","https://openalex.org/W2520746254","https://openalex.org/W2520774990","https://openalex.org/W2552414813","https://openalex.org/W2555182955","https://openalex.org/W2557889580","https://openalex.org/W2558156561","https://openalex.org/W2560622558","https://openalex.org/W2585521554","https://openalex.org/W2585747585","https://openalex.org/W2600144439","https://openalex.org/W2606129492","https://openalex.org/W2607333215","https://openalex.org/W2608858501","https://openalex.org/W2615461745","https://openalex.org/W2619248916","https://openalex.org/W2738853914","https://openalex.org/W2739450375","https://openalex.org/W2782482721","https://openalex.org/W2798376494","https://openalex.org/W2798683932","https://openalex.org/W2798715809","https://openalex.org/W2798748179","https://openalex.org/W2799124825","https://openalex.org/W2799177530","https://openalex.org/W2886773299","https://openalex.org/W2888232411","https://openalex.org/W2894666165","https://openalex.org/W2928165649","https://openalex.org/W2953433552","https://openalex.org/W2954087924","https://openalex.org/W2955278847","https://openalex.org/W2956648669","https://openalex.org/W2962758679","https://openalex.org/W2962867364","https://openalex.org/W2963045696","https://openalex.org/W2963150697","https://openalex.org/W2963311325","https://openalex.org/W2963606198","https://openalex.org/W2963670239","https://openalex.org/W2963795442","https://openalex.org/W2963849369","https://openalex.org/W2963857746","https://openalex.org/W2963921921","https://openalex.org/W2963949812","https://openalex.org/W2963977581","https://openalex.org/W2964274719","https://openalex.org/W2970076827","https://openalex.org/W2980189057","https://openalex.org/W2982093251","https://openalex.org/W2983061571","https://openalex.org/W2991083560","https://openalex.org/W2999674884","https://openalex.org/W3005164579","https://openalex.org/W3009415557","https://openalex.org/W3017594064","https://openalex.org/W3034388862","https://openalex.org/W3098389804","https://openalex.org/W3127842933","https://openalex.org/W3216325077","https://openalex.org/W6620707391","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6767465851","https://openalex.org/W6987305630"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4237171675","https://openalex.org/W3036286480","https://openalex.org/W4287027631","https://openalex.org/W3192357901","https://openalex.org/W2387360586","https://openalex.org/W2952736415","https://openalex.org/W3209723314","https://openalex.org/W3205398323","https://openalex.org/W2883297582","https://openalex.org/W4390524233"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Weakly":[0],"supervised":[1,178,189],"semantic":[2,56,110,193],"instance":[3,79,167,190],"segmentation":[4,168,191],"with":[5,65,94,112,158],"only":[6],"image-level":[7,43,95],"supervision,":[8],"instead":[9],"of":[10,29,45,123,142,169],"relying":[11],"on":[12],"expensive":[13],"pixel-wise":[14],"masks":[15],"or":[16],"bounding":[17],"box":[18],"annotations,":[19],"is":[20,125,197],"an":[21,88],"important":[22],"problem":[23,39],"to":[24,131,152,175],"alleviate":[25],"the":[26,42,133],"data-hungry":[27],"nature":[28],"deep":[30],"learning.":[31],"In":[32],"this":[33,37,59,100,129,143],"article,":[34],"we":[35,114],"tackle":[36],"challenging":[38],"by":[40],"aggregating":[41],"information":[44],"all":[46],"training":[47,92,170],"images":[48,93],"into":[49],"a":[50,77,117,148],"large":[51,118],"knowledge":[52],"graph":[53,130,144],"and":[54,108,192],"exploiting":[55],"relationships":[57],"from":[58],"graph.":[60,120],"Specifically,":[61],"our":[62],"effort":[63],"starts":[64],"some":[66],"generic":[67],"segment-based":[68],"object":[69,136],"proposals":[70],"(SOP)":[71],"without":[72],"category":[73,122,150,160],"priors.":[74],"We":[75],"propose":[76],"multiple":[78],"learning":[80],"(MIL)":[81],"framework,":[82],"which":[83,113,172],"can":[84,103,115,145,162],"be":[85,163],"trained":[86],"in":[87,128],"end-to-end":[89],"manner":[90],"using":[91],"labels.":[96],"For":[97],"each":[98,153],"proposal,":[99],"MIL":[101],"framework":[102],"simultaneously":[104],"compute":[105],"probability":[106],"distributions":[107],"category-aware":[109],"features,":[111],"formulate":[116],"undirected":[119],"The":[121,155,180,195],"background":[124],"also":[126],"included":[127],"remove":[132],"massive":[134],"noisy":[135],"proposals.":[137],"An":[138],"optimal":[139],"multi-way":[140],"cut":[141],"thus":[146],"assign":[147],"reliable":[149],"label":[151],"proposal.":[154],"denoised":[156],"SOP":[157],"assigned":[159],"labels":[161],"viewed":[164],"as":[165],"pseudo":[166],"images,":[171],"are":[173],"used":[174],"train":[176],"fully":[177],"models.":[179],"proposed":[181],"approach":[182],"achieves":[183],"state-of-the-art":[184],"performance":[185],"for":[186],"both":[187],"weakly":[188],"segmentation.":[194],"code":[196],"available":[198],"at":[199],"https://github.com/yun-liu/LIID.":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":38},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-17T09:09:15.849793","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
