{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3036694380","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2020.3002836","title":"Deep Back-ProjectiNetworks for Single Image Super-Resolution","display_name":"Deep Back-ProjectiNetworks for Single Image Super-Resolution","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-06-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3036694380","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2020.3002836","mag":"3036694380","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32750788"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.2020.3002836","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2020.3002836","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/34/9600479/09119166.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/34/9600479/09119166.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049686158","display_name":"Muhammad Haris","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8868-8094"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163060","display_name":"Pancur Kasih Association","ror":"https://ror.org/05ff8j166","country_code":"ID","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163060"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4840577","display_name":"Toyota Technological Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/001hv0k59","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4840577"]}],"countries":["ID","JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Haris","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bukalapak, Jakarta, Indonesia","Intelligent Information Media Lab, Toyota Technological Institute (TTI), Nagoya, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8868-8094","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bukalapak, Jakarta, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163060"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Information Media Lab, Toyota Technological Institute (TTI), Nagoya, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4840577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009207422","display_name":"Greg Shakhnarovich","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I160992636","display_name":"Toyota Technological Institute at Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/02sn5gb64","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160992636"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Greg Shakhnarovich","raw_affiliation_strings":["Toyota Technological Institute at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Toyota Technological Institute at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160992636"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053167635","display_name":"Norimichi Ukita","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0240-1065"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4840577","display_name":"Toyota Technological Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/001hv0k59","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4840577"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Norimichi Ukita","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent Information Media Lab, Toyota Technological Institute (TTI), Nagoya, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Information Media Lab, Toyota Technological Institute (TTI), Nagoya, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4840577"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.9833,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":93,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96358672,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"43","issue":"12","first_page":"4323","last_page":"4337"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11105","display_name":"Advanced Image Processing Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11105","display_name":"Advanced Image Processing Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13114","display_name":"Image Processing Techniques and Applications","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7261910438537598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/projection","display_name":"Projection (relational algebra)","score":0.7005450129508972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5669850707054138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resolution","display_name":"Resolution (logic)","score":0.5603010654449463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-resolution","display_name":"Image resolution","score":0.49892091751098633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.43410563468933105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.43195223808288574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.42786917090415955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scaling","display_name":"Scaling","score":0.4183427393436432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sampling","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","score":0.41082578897476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3702082633972168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3213021755218506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1756652295589447}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7261910438537598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57493831","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3134666","display_name":"Projection (relational algebra)","level":2,"score":0.7005450129508972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5669850707054138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138268822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1051925","display_name":"Resolution (logic)","level":2,"score":0.5603010654449463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205372480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210521","display_name":"Image resolution","level":2,"score":0.49892091751098633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.43410563468933105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.43195223808288574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.42786917090415955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99844830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102441924","display_name":"Scaling","level":2,"score":0.4183427393436432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140779682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210868","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","level":3,"score":0.41082578897476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3702082633972168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3213021755218506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1756652295589447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.2020.3002836","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2020.3002836","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/34/9600479/09119166.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:32750788","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32750788","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.2020.3002836","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2020.3002836","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/34/9600479/09119166.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.44999998807907104,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1523888516","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA9550-","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338279","funder_display_name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1766360814","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA9550-18-1-0166","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338279","funder_display_name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3709638179","display_name":"Deep Learning for Task-Driven Image Processing and its Application to Distant Pedestrian Detection","funder_award_id":"19K12129","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5809100787","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA9550","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338279","funder_display_name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhkn466"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338279","display_name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research","ror":"https://ror.org/011e9bt93"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3036694380.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3036694380.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":96,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W648143168","https://openalex.org/W935139217","https://openalex.org/W1677182931","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1791560514","https://openalex.org/W1885185971","https://openalex.org/W1930824406","https://openalex.org/W1950594372","https://openalex.org/W2016598597","https://openalex.org/W2047920195","https://openalex.org/W2065671757","https://openalex.org/W2070797946","https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2098580305","https://openalex.org/W2099471712","https://openalex.org/W2102166818","https://openalex.org/W2110158442","https://openalex.org/W2120907531","https://openalex.org/W2129259959","https://openalex.org/W2133665775","https://openalex.org/W2146640671","https://openalex.org/W2160065436","https://openalex.org/W2173520492","https://openalex.org/W2192954843","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2214802144","https://openalex.org/W2242218935","https://openalex.org/W2263468737","https://openalex.org/W2300997567","https://openalex.org/W2331128040","https://openalex.org/W2408279554","https://openalex.org/W2475287302","https://openalex.org/W2476548250","https://openalex.org/W2503339013","https://openalex.org/W2520951797","https://openalex.org/W2558202361","https://openalex.org/W2560474170","https://openalex.org/W2565312867","https://openalex.org/W2606637104","https://openalex.org/W2607041014","https://openalex.org/W2736678009","https://openalex.org/W2741137940","https://openalex.org/W2747898905","https://openalex.org/W2769389383","https://openalex.org/W2866634454","https://openalex.org/W2891158090","https://openalex.org/W2891761377","https://openalex.org/W2893854205","https://openalex.org/W2895240252","https://openalex.org/W2895598217","https://openalex.org/W2898677683","https://openalex.org/W2911641177","https://openalex.org/W2914615044","https://openalex.org/W2915130236","https://openalex.org/W2951523806","https://openalex.org/W2954930822","https://openalex.org/W2962835968","https://openalex.org/W2962927175","https://openalex.org/W2963037581","https://openalex.org/W2963048911","https://openalex.org/W2963174698","https://openalex.org/W2963182372","https://openalex.org/W2963372104","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2963470893","https://openalex.org/W2963474899","https://openalex.org/W2963684088","https://openalex.org/W2963709863","https://openalex.org/W2963729050","https://openalex.org/W2963814095","https://openalex.org/W2963971305","https://openalex.org/W2964040059","https://openalex.org/W2964060609","https://openalex.org/W2964101377","https://openalex.org/W2964151830","https://openalex.org/W2982074157","https://openalex.org/W3101659800","https://openalex.org/W4255779515","https://openalex.org/W4294554810","https://openalex.org/W4297800839","https://openalex.org/W4320013936","https://openalex.org/W4377561911","https://openalex.org/W6621378261","https://openalex.org/W6624640001","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6681246137","https://openalex.org/W6685352114","https://openalex.org/W6692550842","https://openalex.org/W6713563955","https://openalex.org/W6714181750","https://openalex.org/W6754405603","https://openalex.org/W6754407819","https://openalex.org/W6755364145","https://openalex.org/W6756118602","https://openalex.org/W6759118361","https://openalex.org/W6759366429"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2362774332","https://openalex.org/W4249245269","https://openalex.org/W2765548132","https://openalex.org/W2025681766","https://openalex.org/W2542402767","https://openalex.org/W2158056054","https://openalex.org/W3023086044","https://openalex.org/W2906353151","https://openalex.org/W2294441925","https://openalex.org/W2142226356"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Previous":[0],"feed-forward":[1],"architectures":[2],"of":[3,12,35,48,86,91],"recently":[4],"proposed":[5],"deep":[6],"super-resolution":[7,51],"networks":[8],"learn":[9],"the":[10,16,32,46,119],"features":[11],"low-resolution":[13],"inputs":[14],"and":[15,37,54,60,82,93,122,134],"non-linear":[17],"mapping":[18],"from":[19],"those":[20],"to":[21,103],"a":[22,68,105],"high-resolution":[23,38,94],"output.":[24],"However,":[25],"this":[26,101],"approach":[27],"does":[28],"not":[29],"fully":[30],"address":[31],"mutual":[33],"dependencies":[34],"low-":[36,92],"images.":[39],"We":[40,78,96],"propose":[41],"Deep":[42],"Back-Projection":[43],"Networks":[44],"(DBPN),":[45],"winner":[47],"two":[49],"image":[50],"challenges":[52],"(NTIRE2018":[53],"PIRM2018),":[55],"that":[56,99],"exploit":[57],"iterative":[58],"up-":[59,81],"down-sampling":[61,83],"layers.":[62],"These":[63],"layers":[64],"are":[65],"formed":[66],"as":[67,115,151],"unit":[69],"providing":[70],"an":[71],"error":[72],"feedback":[73],"mechanism":[74],"for":[75,146],"projection":[76,120,126],"errors.":[77],"construct":[79],"mutually-connected":[80],"units":[84],"each":[85],"which":[87],"represents":[88],"different":[89],"types":[90],"components.":[95],"also":[97],"show":[98],"extending":[100],"idea":[102],"demonstrate":[104],"new":[106,138],"insight":[107],"towards":[108],"more":[109],"efficient":[110],"network":[111],"design":[112],"substantially,":[113],"such":[114,150],"parameter":[116],"sharing":[117],"on":[118,125],"module":[121],"transition":[123],"layer":[124],"step.":[127],"The":[128],"experimental":[129],"results":[130,133,140],"yield":[131],"superior":[132],"in":[135],"particular":[136],"establishing":[137],"state-of-the-art":[139],"across":[141],"multiple":[142],"data":[143],"sets,":[144],"especially":[145],"large":[147],"scaling":[148],"factors":[149],"8\u00d7.":[152]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}