{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2963419873","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2019.2901875","title":"Adversarial Learning of Structure-Aware Fully Convolutional Networks for Landmark Localization","display_name":"Adversarial Learning of Structure-Aware Fully Convolutional Networks for Landmark Localization","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-02-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2963419873","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2019.2901875","mag":"2963419873","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30835211"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.2019.2901875","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2019.2901875","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101586393","display_name":"Yu Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8673-7622"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Lab of Intelligent Perception and Systems for High-Dimensional Information of Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Lab of Image and Video Understanding for Social Security, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8673-7622","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Lab of Intelligent Perception and Systems for High-Dimensional Information of Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Lab of Image and Video Understanding for Social Security, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006294869","display_name":"Chunhua Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8648-8718"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802348851","display_name":"Vision Australia","ror":"https://ror.org/05vje5x10","country_code":"AU","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802348851"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127558","display_name":"Australian Centre for Robotic Vision","ror":"https://ror.org/02zv9xv82","country_code":"AU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127558"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5681781","display_name":"The University of Adelaide","ror":"https://ror.org/00892tw58","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5681781"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chunhua Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Australian Centre for Robotic Vision, Australia","School of Computer Science, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8648-8718","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Australian Centre for Robotic Vision, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802348851","https://openalex.org/I4210127558"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5681781"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100353664","display_name":"Hao Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4417-614X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802348851","display_name":"Vision Australia","ror":"https://ror.org/05vje5x10","country_code":"AU","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802348851"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127558","display_name":"Australian Centre for Robotic Vision","ror":"https://ror.org/02zv9xv82","country_code":"AU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127558"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5681781","display_name":"The University of Adelaide","ror":"https://ror.org/00892tw58","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5681781"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Australian Centre for Robotic Vision, Australia","School of Computer Science, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4417-614X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Australian Centre for Robotic Vision, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802348851","https://openalex.org/I4210127558"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5681781"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066964304","display_name":"Xiu-Shen Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8200-1845"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4401726805","display_name":"Megvii (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/040b32p69","country_code":null,"type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4401726805"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiu-Shen Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Megvii Research Nanjing, Megvii Technology, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8200-1845","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Megvii Research Nanjing, Megvii Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4401726805"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070976480","display_name":"Lingqiao Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3584-795X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802348851","display_name":"Vision Australia","ror":"https://ror.org/05vje5x10","country_code":"AU","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802348851"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127558","display_name":"Australian Centre for Robotic Vision","ror":"https://ror.org/02zv9xv82","country_code":"AU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127558"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5681781","display_name":"The University of Adelaide","ror":"https://ror.org/00892tw58","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5681781"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lingqiao Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Australian Centre for Robotic Vision, Australia","School of Computer Science, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Australian Centre for Robotic Vision, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802348851","https://openalex.org/I4210127558"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5681781"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100726984","display_name":"Jian Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4800-832X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Lab of Intelligent Perception and Systems for High-Dimensional Information of Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Lab of Image and Video Understanding for Social Security, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4800-832X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Lab of Intelligent Perception and Systems for High-Dimensional Information of Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Lab of Image and Video Understanding for Social Security, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.7518,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":43,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94222723,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"42","issue":"7","first_page":"1654","last_page":"1669"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10812","display_name":"Human Pose and Action Recognition","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10812","display_name":"Human Pose and Action Recognition","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/landmark","display_name":"Landmark","score":0.8825677037239075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.8123910427093506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pose","display_name":"Pose","score":0.8100848197937012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7872440814971924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminator","display_name":"Discriminator","score":0.7630374431610107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prior-probability","display_name":"Prior probability","score":0.6810455918312073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5218214392662048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5140749216079712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.508637547492981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monocular","display_name":"Monocular","score":0.48431721329689026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.46002334356307983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.44101980328559875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4217676520347595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3d-pose-estimation","display_name":"3D pose estimation","score":0.41136834025382996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayesian-probability","display_name":"Bayesian probability","score":0.09772709012031555}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780297707","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4895393","display_name":"Landmark","level":2,"score":0.8825677037239075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.8123910427093506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52102323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671968","display_name":"Pose","level":2,"score":0.8100848197937012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7872440814971924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779803651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282088","display_name":"Discriminator","level":3,"score":0.7630374431610107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177769412","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q278090","display_name":"Prior probability","level":3,"score":0.6810455918312073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5218214392662048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5140749216079712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.508637547492981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65909025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1945033","display_name":"Monocular","level":2,"score":0.48431721329689026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.46002334356307983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.44101980328559875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4217676520347595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36613465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4636322","display_name":"3D pose estimation","level":3,"score":0.41136834025382996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107673813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812534","display_name":"Bayesian probability","level":2,"score":0.09772709012031555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.2019.2901875","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2019.2901875","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:30835211","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30835211","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:digital.library.adelaide.edu.au:2440/126991","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2440/126991","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401835","display_name":"Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I5681781","host_organization_name":"The University of Adelaide","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5681781"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2019.2901875","raw_type":"Journal article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.6899999976158142}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3758146103","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1713208","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8684234662","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2014CB349303","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","display_name":"Australian Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/05mmh0f86"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":123,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W753012316","https://openalex.org/W1540144755","https://openalex.org/W1796263212","https://openalex.org/W1841538821","https://openalex.org/W1861492603","https://openalex.org/W1905368000","https://openalex.org/W1915668717","https://openalex.org/W1936750108","https://openalex.org/W1943191679","https://openalex.org/W1960706641","https://openalex.org/W1963599662","https://openalex.org/W1976948919","https://openalex.org/W1990937109","https://openalex.org/W1993149133","https://openalex.org/W1994529670","https://openalex.org/W1998294030","https://openalex.org/W2012885984","https://openalex.org/W2013397696","https://openalex.org/W2013640163","https://openalex.org/W2031004336","https://openalex.org/W2031869209","https://openalex.org/W2047508432","https://openalex.org/W2058961190","https://openalex.org/W2073246097","https://openalex.org/W2074587583","https://openalex.org/W2080873731","https://openalex.org/W2087681821","https://openalex.org/W2090530238","https://openalex.org/W2099471712","https://openalex.org/W2101032778","https://openalex.org/W2111372597","https://openalex.org/W2113325037","https://openalex.org/W2116277445","https://openalex.org/W2125389028","https://openalex.org/W2128271252","https://openalex.org/W2129210471","https://openalex.org/W2135132101","https://openalex.org/W2135533529","https://openalex.org/W2136000821","https://openalex.org/W2136391815","https://openalex.org/W2143487029","https://openalex.org/W2155196764","https://openalex.org/W2157285372","https://openalex.org/W2166694921","https://openalex.org/W2175012183","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2219124274","https://openalex.org/W2221735899","https://openalex.org/W2234876530","https://openalex.org/W2251810906","https://openalex.org/W2256477790","https://openalex.org/W2294979200","https://openalex.org/W2298992465","https://openalex.org/W2307770531","https://openalex.org/W2330154883","https://openalex.org/W2330914857","https://openalex.org/W2375583958","https://openalex.org/W2382036597","https://openalex.org/W2404595106","https://openalex.org/W2405756170","https://openalex.org/W2462523589","https://openalex.org/W2464305746","https://openalex.org/W2474575620","https://openalex.org/W2483862638","https://openalex.org/W2502928967","https://openalex.org/W2514262209","https://openalex.org/W2518965973","https://openalex.org/W2519469348","https://openalex.org/W2521028896","https://openalex.org/W2522527348","https://openalex.org/W2554247908","https://openalex.org/W2557698284","https://openalex.org/W2559085405","https://openalex.org/W2565639579","https://openalex.org/W2578797046","https://openalex.org/W2607856191","https://openalex.org/W2612706635","https://openalex.org/W2612947062","https://openalex.org/W2613718673","https://openalex.org/W2740020909","https://openalex.org/W2742737904","https://openalex.org/W2753787688","https://openalex.org/W2776685160","https://openalex.org/W2795089319","https://openalex.org/W2949662773","https://openalex.org/W2951523806","https://openalex.org/W2962690307","https://openalex.org/W2962819150","https://openalex.org/W2962925415","https://openalex.org/W2963125871","https://openalex.org/W2963150697","https://openalex.org/W2963197583","https://openalex.org/W2963373786","https://openalex.org/W2963420272","https://openalex.org/W2963448913","https://openalex.org/W2963474899","https://openalex.org/W2963484342","https://openalex.org/W2963592930","https://openalex.org/W2963653603","https://openalex.org/W2963781481","https://openalex.org/W2964105113","https://openalex.org/W2964221239","https://openalex.org/W2964225242","https://openalex.org/W2964304707","https://openalex.org/W2964309795","https://openalex.org/W3104792420","https://openalex.org/W4297772798","https://openalex.org/W4320013936","https://openalex.org/W6620707391","https://openalex.org/W6621378261","https://openalex.org/W6622239757","https://openalex.org/W6639102338","https://openalex.org/W6641044740","https://openalex.org/W6651552895","https://openalex.org/W6662335928","https://openalex.org/W6678815747","https://openalex.org/W6680285999","https://openalex.org/W6691096134","https://openalex.org/W6697925102","https://openalex.org/W6713645886","https://openalex.org/W6718379498","https://openalex.org/W6727501944"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4253893311","https://openalex.org/W2798721181","https://openalex.org/W3201205132","https://openalex.org/W4287600488","https://openalex.org/W4312694060","https://openalex.org/W4281696776","https://openalex.org/W4318148659","https://openalex.org/W4387967917","https://openalex.org/W4289674547","https://openalex.org/W2888108240"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Landmark/pose":[0],"estimation":[1,184],"in":[2,10],"single":[3],"monocular":[4],"images":[5,25],"has":[6],"received":[7],"much":[8],"effort":[9],"computer":[11],"vision":[12,49],"due":[13],"to":[14,52,84,116,141],"its":[15],"important":[16],"applications.":[17],"It":[18],"remains":[19],"a":[20,78],"challenging":[21],"task":[22],"when":[23],"input":[24],"come":[26],"with":[27],"severe":[28],"occlusions":[29],"caused":[30],"by,":[31],"e.g.,":[32],"adverse":[33],"camera":[34],"views.":[35],"Under":[36],"such":[37,87,100],"circumstances,":[38],"biologically":[39,127],"implausible":[40,111,128],"pose":[41,74,132,179,188,203],"predictions":[42],"may":[43],"be":[44],"produced.":[45],"In":[46],"contrast,":[47],"human":[48,109,178,187],"is":[50,102,171],"able":[51],"predict":[53],"poses":[54,120],"by":[55,67,107],"exploiting":[56],"geometric":[57],"constraints":[58,101],"of":[59,73,93,99,153,159,167,208,211],"landmark":[60,183],"point":[61],"inter-connectivity.":[62],"To":[63],"address":[64],"the":[65,71,94,118,122,131,138,146,150,154,157,168,206],"problem,":[66],"incorporating":[68],"priors":[69,88],"about":[70],"structure":[72],"components,":[75],"we":[76,113],"propose":[77],"novel":[79],"structure-aware":[80],"fully":[81],"convolutional":[82],"network":[83,147,155,170],"implicitly":[85],"take":[86],"into":[89],"account":[90],"during":[91],"training":[92],"deep":[95],"network.":[96],"Explicit":[97],"learning":[98,210],"typically":[103],"challenging.":[104],"Instead,":[105],"inspired":[106],"how":[108],"identifies":[110],"poses,":[112],"design":[114],"discriminators":[115],"distinguish":[117,142],"real":[119,144],"from":[121,143],"fake":[123],"ones":[124],"(such":[125],"as":[126],"ones).":[129],"If":[130],"generator":[133],"G":[134],"generates":[135,201],"results":[136],"that":[137],"discriminator":[139],"fails":[140],"ones,":[145],"successfully":[148],"learns":[149],"priors.":[151],"Training":[152],"follows":[156],"strategy":[158],"conditional":[160],"Generative":[161],"Adversarial":[162],"Networks":[163],"(GANs).":[164],"The":[165,190],"effectiveness":[166],"proposed":[169,191],"evaluated":[172],"on":[173],"three":[174],"pose-related":[175],"tasks:":[176],"2D":[177,181],"estimation,":[180],"facial":[182],"and":[185,198],"3D":[186],"estimation.":[189],"approach":[192],"significantly":[193],"outperforms":[194],"several":[195],"state-of-the-art":[196],"methods":[197],"almost":[199],"always":[200],"plausible":[202],"predictions,":[204],"demonstrating":[205],"usefulness":[207],"implicit":[209],"structures":[212],"using":[213],"GANs.":[214]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
