{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2910281775","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2019.2893630","title":"RefineNet: Multi-Path Refinement Networks for Dense Prediction","display_name":"RefineNet: Multi-Path Refinement Networks for Dense Prediction","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2910281775","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2019.2893630","mag":"2910281775","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30668461"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.2019.2893630","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2019.2893630","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029912845","display_name":"Guosheng Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0329-7458"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Guosheng Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042271198","display_name":"Fayao Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6649-7660"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5681781","display_name":"The University of Adelaide","ror":"https://ror.org/00892tw58","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5681781"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fayao Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5681781"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074566324","display_name":"Anton Milan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9719-3616"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089985","display_name":"Amazon (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/00b9ktm87","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040","https://openalex.org/I4210089985"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anton Milan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Amazon Core ML, Berlin, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amazon Core ML, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089985"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006294869","display_name":"Chunhua Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8648-8718"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5681781","display_name":"The University of Adelaide","ror":"https://ror.org/00892tw58","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5681781"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127558","display_name":"Australian Centre for Robotic Vision","ror":"https://ror.org/02zv9xv82","country_code":"AU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127558"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chunhua Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["ARC Centre of Excellence for Robotic Vision, School of Computer Science, The University of Adelaide, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ARC Centre of Excellence for Robotic Vision, School of Computer Science, The University of Adelaide, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127558","https://openalex.org/I5681781"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089444805","display_name":"Ian Reid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7790-6423"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5681781","display_name":"The University of Adelaide","ror":"https://ror.org/00892tw58","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5681781"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127558","display_name":"Australian Centre for Robotic Vision","ror":"https://ror.org/02zv9xv82","country_code":"AU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127558"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ian Reid","raw_affiliation_strings":["ARC Centre of Excellence for Robotic Vision, School of Computer Science, The University of Adelaide, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ARC Centre of Excellence for Robotic Vision, School of Computer Science, The University of Adelaide, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127558","https://openalex.org/I5681781"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5029912845"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.8897,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":155,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98258121,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"42","issue":"5","first_page":"1","last_page":"1"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8843357563018799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pooling","display_name":"Pooling","score":0.7533701062202454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/residual","display_name":"Residual","score":0.7479296326637268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6456288695335388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6413571834564209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.5874626636505127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5253640413284302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5136134624481201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path","display_name":"Path (computing)","score":0.5017096996307373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolution","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","score":0.49595341086387634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.4140719175338745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.4100024104118347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.40920719504356384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.3306909203529358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.2842161953449249}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8843357563018799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70437156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7228652","display_name":"Pooling","level":2,"score":0.7533701062202454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155512373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287450","display_name":"Residual","level":2,"score":0.7479296326637268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6456288695335388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6413571834564209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.5874626636505127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5253640413284302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5136134624481201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777735758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817765","display_name":"Path (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5017096996307373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45347329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5166604","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","level":3,"score":0.49595341086387634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.4140719175338745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4100024104118347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.40920719504356384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.3306909203529358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2842161953449249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.2019.2893630","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2019.2893630","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:30668461","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30668461","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:digital.library.adelaide.edu.au:2440/125724","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2440/125724","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401835","display_name":"Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I5681781","host_organization_name":"The University of Adelaide","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5681781"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2019.2893630","raw_type":"Journal article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2338875390","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FT12010096","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","funder_display_name":"Australian Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3119253152","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FL130100102","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","funder_display_name":"Australian Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3483111202","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CE14010001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","funder_display_name":"Australian Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3800762947","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CE140100016","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","funder_display_name":"Australian Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4327185696","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CE140100016","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331724","funder_display_name":"Australian Centre for Robotic Vision"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5714184577","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Fellowship","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","funder_display_name":"Australian Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G611870384","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","funder_display_name":"Australian Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G810647356","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FT120100969","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","funder_display_name":"Australian Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322724","display_name":"Ministry of Education, India","ror":"https://ror.org/048xjjh50"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331724","display_name":"Australian Centre for Robotic Vision","ror":"https://ror.org/02zv9xv82"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","display_name":"Australian Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/05mmh0f86"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":84,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W54257720","https://openalex.org/W78159342","https://openalex.org/W125693051","https://openalex.org/W809122546","https://openalex.org/W1495267108","https://openalex.org/W1507506748","https://openalex.org/W1565402342","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1745334888","https://openalex.org/W1803059841","https://openalex.org/W1861492603","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1905829557","https://openalex.org/W1915250530","https://openalex.org/W1923115158","https://openalex.org/W1923184257","https://openalex.org/W1923697677","https://openalex.org/W1948751323","https://openalex.org/W1954200810","https://openalex.org/W1963882359","https://openalex.org/W1992178727","https://openalex.org/W2031489346","https://openalex.org/W2066813062","https://openalex.org/W2067912884","https://openalex.org/W2074254947","https://openalex.org/W2090518410","https://openalex.org/W2102605133","https://openalex.org/W2103328396","https://openalex.org/W2104408738","https://openalex.org/W2124592697","https://openalex.org/W2125215748","https://openalex.org/W2125416623","https://openalex.org/W2144794286","https://openalex.org/W2154815154","https://openalex.org/W2161236525","https://openalex.org/W2171740948","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2302255633","https://openalex.org/W2303211814","https://openalex.org/W2309415944","https://openalex.org/W2322480645","https://openalex.org/W2333621733","https://openalex.org/W2339890635","https://openalex.org/W2340897893","https://openalex.org/W2395611524","https://openalex.org/W2412782625","https://openalex.org/W2436453945","https://openalex.org/W2508741746","https://openalex.org/W2563705555","https://openalex.org/W2949341804","https://openalex.org/W2951234442","https://openalex.org/W2952793010","https://openalex.org/W2962891704","https://openalex.org/W2963108253","https://openalex.org/W2963150697","https://openalex.org/W2963563573","https://openalex.org/W2963591054","https://openalex.org/W2963753570","https://openalex.org/W2963758239","https://openalex.org/W2963840672","https://openalex.org/W2963881378","https://openalex.org/W2963948108","https://openalex.org/W2964297960","https://openalex.org/W4300126339","https://openalex.org/W6605121731","https://openalex.org/W6622964371","https://openalex.org/W6630336748","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6639102338","https://openalex.org/W6639824700","https://openalex.org/W6640295612","https://openalex.org/W6640786378","https://openalex.org/W6666899075","https://openalex.org/W6675415620","https://openalex.org/W6685261749","https://openalex.org/W6696085341","https://openalex.org/W6698183232","https://openalex.org/W6698540767","https://openalex.org/W6702882445","https://openalex.org/W6703941868","https://openalex.org/W6704977611","https://openalex.org/W6705319163","https://openalex.org/W6724670942","https://openalex.org/W6725519663"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2810679507","https://openalex.org/W4226493464","https://openalex.org/W4312417841","https://openalex.org/W3193565141","https://openalex.org/W3133861977","https://openalex.org/W3167935049","https://openalex.org/W2964954556","https://openalex.org/W3103566983","https://openalex.org/W3029198973","https://openalex.org/W3019910406"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recently,":[0],"very":[1],"deep":[2,42],"convolutional":[3],"neural":[4],"networks":[5],"(CNNs)":[6],"have":[7,15],"shown":[8],"outstanding":[9],"performance":[10,154],"in":[11,41,49,133],"object":[12],"recognition":[13],"and":[14,29,151,167],"also":[16],"been":[17],"the":[18,50,67,71,85,112,169],"first":[19],"choice":[20],"for":[21,118,164],"dense":[22,148,175],"prediction":[23,77],"problems":[24],"such":[25],"as":[26],"semantic":[27,91,143],"segmentation":[28,144],"depth":[30,165],"estimation.":[31],"However,":[32],"repeated":[33],"subsampling":[34],"operations":[35],"like":[36],"pooling":[37],"or":[38],"convolution":[39],"striding":[40],"CNNs":[43],"lead":[44],"to":[45,74],"a":[46,58,147],"significant":[47],"decrease":[48],"initial":[51],"image":[52],"resolution.":[53],"Here,":[54],"we":[55,123],"present":[56],"RefineNet,":[57],"generic":[59],"multi-path":[60],"refinement":[61],"network":[62],"that":[63,88],"explicitly":[64],"exploits":[65],"all":[66],"information":[68],"available":[69],"along":[70],"down-sampling":[72],"process":[73],"enable":[75],"high-resolution":[76],"using":[78,97],"long-range":[79],"residual":[80,109,126],"connections.":[81],"In":[82],"this":[83],"way,":[84],"deeper":[86],"layers":[87],"capture":[89],"high-level":[90],"features":[92,99],"can":[93],"be":[94],"directly":[95],"refined":[96],"fine-grained":[98],"from":[100],"earlier":[101],"convolutions.":[102],"The":[103],"individual":[104],"components":[105],"of":[106,171],"RefineNet":[107],"employ":[108],"connections":[110],"following":[111],"identity":[113],"mapping":[114],"mindset,":[115],"which":[116,128,145],"allows":[117],"effective":[119],"end-to-end":[120],"training.":[121],"Further,":[122],"introduce":[124],"chained":[125],"pooling,":[127],"captures":[129],"rich":[130],"background":[131],"context":[132],"an":[134],"efficient":[135],"manner.":[136],"We":[137,159],"carry":[138],"out":[139],"comprehensive":[140],"experiments":[141],"on":[142,155,174],"is":[146],"classification":[149],"problem":[150],"achieve":[152],"good":[153],"seven":[156],"public":[157],"datasets.":[158],"further":[160],"apply":[161],"our":[162,172],"method":[163,173],"estimation":[166],"demonstrate":[168],"effectiveness":[170],"regression":[176],"problems.":[177]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T14:29:43.386196","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}