{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2771116199","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2017.2779808","title":"Efficient Group-n Encoding and Decoding for Facial Age Estimation","display_name":"Efficient Group-n Encoding and Decoding for Facial Age Estimation","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-12-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2771116199","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2017.2779808","mag":"2771116199","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29990187"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.2017.2779808","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2017.2779808","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040257967","display_name":"Zichang Tan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8501-4123"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zichang Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063979916","display_name":"Jun Wan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4735-2885"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Wan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Biometrics and Security Research & National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Biometrics and Security Research & National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109299788","display_name":"Zhen Lei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0791-189X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhen Lei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Biometrics and Security Research & National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Biometrics and Security Research & National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082723081","display_name":"Ruicong Zhi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6913-4248"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92403157","display_name":"University of Science and Technology Beijing","ror":"https://ror.org/02egmk993","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruicong Zhi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer and Communication Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, P. R. China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Communication Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085022758","display_name":"Guodong Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9583-0055"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12097938","display_name":"West Virginia University","ror":"https://ror.org/011vxgd24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12097938"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guodong Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12097938"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082786719","display_name":"Stan Z. Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2961-8096"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stan Z. Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Biometrics and Security Research & National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Biometrics and Security Research & National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5040257967"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.6823,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":112,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9442741,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"40","issue":"11","first_page":"2610","last_page":"2623"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.9901000261306763,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9819999933242798,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.5962655544281006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5905320048332214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5493254661560059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoding","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","score":0.5340104699134827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5303528904914856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.5180602073669434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4893026053905487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-classification","display_name":"Binary classification","score":0.42475754022598267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/randomness","display_name":"Randomness","score":0.4134891927242279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.35232430696487427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.33164292573928833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.2474590539932251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.215938538312912}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.5962655544281006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5905320048332214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5493254661560059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.5340104699134827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5303528904914856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.5180602073669434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4893026053905487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66905080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17005494","display_name":"Binary classification","level":3,"score":0.42475754022598267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125112378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176640","display_name":"Randomness","level":2,"score":0.4134891927242279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.35232430696487427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.33164292573928833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2474590539932251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.215938538312912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000367","descriptor_name":"Age Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000367","descriptor_name":"Age Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000367","descriptor_name":"Age Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005145","descriptor_name":"Face","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005145","descriptor_name":"Face","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005145","descriptor_name":"Face","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.2017.2779808","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2017.2779808","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:29990187","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29990187","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.5199999809265137,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3324850055","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"#61572501","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3894916950","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"#61572536","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5074367219","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"#61673052","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7637008955","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"#61473291","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8285489978","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"#61502491","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":83,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W602842128","https://openalex.org/W1167806532","https://openalex.org/W1556392566","https://openalex.org/W1623006543","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1905153633","https://openalex.org/W1946408210","https://openalex.org/W1972960842","https://openalex.org/W1995903905","https://openalex.org/W2009088607","https://openalex.org/W2009441118","https://openalex.org/W2032454342","https://openalex.org/W2038952578","https://openalex.org/W2066454034","https://openalex.org/W2067425370","https://openalex.org/W2070076962","https://openalex.org/W2075875861","https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2100235303","https://openalex.org/W2103077782","https://openalex.org/W2106488920","https://openalex.org/W2115394472","https://openalex.org/W2118664399","https://openalex.org/W2118755929","https://openalex.org/W2118978333","https://openalex.org/W2121939926","https://openalex.org/W2146656095","https://openalex.org/W2147278565","https://openalex.org/W2151386286","https://openalex.org/W2152826865","https://openalex.org/W2155893237","https://openalex.org/W2158162711","https://openalex.org/W2158863190","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2163626514","https://openalex.org/W2164034100","https://openalex.org/W2164598857","https://openalex.org/W2171011203","https://openalex.org/W2233737587","https://openalex.org/W2238950008","https://openalex.org/W2239239723","https://openalex.org/W2239890062","https://openalex.org/W2248200858","https://openalex.org/W2249960609","https://openalex.org/W2271654614","https://openalex.org/W2291445757","https://openalex.org/W2329660559","https://openalex.org/W2398814907","https://openalex.org/W2440214111","https://openalex.org/W2472456744","https://openalex.org/W2478666322","https://openalex.org/W2483369080","https://openalex.org/W2485314986","https://openalex.org/W2488154566","https://openalex.org/W2488236012","https://openalex.org/W2510725918","https://openalex.org/W2594547428","https://openalex.org/W2963717664","https://openalex.org/W4205392983","https://openalex.org/W4252870773","https://openalex.org/W6627801759","https://openalex.org/W6636749155","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6639862454","https://openalex.org/W6640740978","https://openalex.org/W6643713907","https://openalex.org/W6674914833","https://openalex.org/W6675602974","https://openalex.org/W6682010465","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6684392942","https://openalex.org/W6689866166","https://openalex.org/W6690267585","https://openalex.org/W6691388869","https://openalex.org/W6702032050","https://openalex.org/W6716111004","https://openalex.org/W6718478815","https://openalex.org/W6720342106","https://openalex.org/W6721658540","https://openalex.org/W6722232076","https://openalex.org/W6722546868","https://openalex.org/W6722817314","https://openalex.org/W6734227019"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2368824897","https://openalex.org/W1508050556","https://openalex.org/W1910862367","https://openalex.org/W2379365082","https://openalex.org/W2370747590","https://openalex.org/W2030109976","https://openalex.org/W2369260257","https://openalex.org/W2389120450","https://openalex.org/W55249799","https://openalex.org/W4382934300"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Different":[0],"ages":[1,9,49,64],"are":[2,50],"closely":[3],"related":[4],"especially":[5],"among":[6],"the":[7,24,27,53,67,78,84,128,134,144,158,164,174,190],"adjacent":[8,32,48],"because":[10],"aging":[11],"is":[12,40,109,123,155],"a":[13,93,100,117,152],"slow":[14],"and":[15,30,56,182,187],"extremely":[16],"non-stationary":[17],"process":[18],"with":[19,106,113,169],"much":[20],"randomness.":[21],"To":[22,167],"explore":[23],"relationship":[25],"between":[26],"real":[28],"age":[29,35,58,86,136],"its":[31],"ages,":[33],"an":[34,74],"group-n":[36],"encoding":[37],"(AGEn)":[38],"method":[39,176],"proposed":[41,175],"in":[42,77],"this":[43,82],"paper.":[44],"In":[45],"our":[46],"model,":[47],"grouped":[51,65],"into":[52,66,92,157],"same":[54,68],"group":[55,69],"each":[57,150],"corresponds":[59],"to":[60,111,126,142,162],"n":[61],"groups.":[62],"The":[63],"would":[70],"be":[71,90],"regarded":[72],"as":[73],"independent":[75],"class":[76],"training":[79],"stage.":[80],"On":[81],"basis,":[83],"original":[85],"estimation":[87],"problem":[88,148],"can":[89],"transformed":[91],"series":[94],"of":[95,149],"binary":[96],"classification":[97],"sub-problems.":[98,115],"And":[99],"deep":[101],"Convolutional":[102],"Neural":[103],"Networks":[104],"(CNN)":[105],"multiple":[107],"classifiers":[108],"designed":[110],"cope":[112],"such":[114],"Later,":[116],"Local":[118],"Age":[119],"Decoding":[120],"(LAD)":[121],"strategy":[122],"further":[124],"presented":[125],"accelerate":[127],"prediction":[129],"process,":[130],"which":[131],"locally":[132],"decodes":[133],"estimated":[135],"value":[137],"from":[138],"ordinal":[139],"classifiers.":[140],"Besides,":[141],"alleviate":[143],"imbalance":[145],"data":[146],"learning":[147],"classifier,":[151],"penalty":[153],"factor":[154],"inserted":[156],"unified":[159],"objective":[160],"function":[161],"favor":[163],"minority":[165],"class.":[166],"compare":[168],"state-of-the-art":[170],"methods,":[171],"we":[172],"evaluate":[173],"on":[177],"FG-NET,":[178],"MORPH":[179],"II,":[180],"CACD":[181],"Chalearn":[183],"LAP":[184],"2015":[185],"databases":[186],"it":[188],"achieves":[189],"best":[191],"performance.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-03-31T07:56:22.981413","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}