{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2737816061","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2017.2728788","title":"Learning and Inferring \u201cDark Matter\u201d and Predicting Human Intents and Trajectories in Videos","display_name":"Learning and Inferring \u201cDark Matter\u201d and Predicting Human Intents and Trajectories in Videos","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-07-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2737816061","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2017.2728788","mag":"2737816061","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28727549"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.2017.2728788","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2017.2728788","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101984004","display_name":"Dan Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4026-8007"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dan Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Statistics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4026-8007","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Statistics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005908625","display_name":"Tianmin Shu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianmin Shu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Statistics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Statistics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027742996","display_name":"Sini\u0161a Todorovi\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5793-5921"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131249849","display_name":"Oregon State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ysfqy60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sinisa Todorovic","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of EECS, Oregon State University, OR"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of EECS, Oregon State University, OR","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034228010","display_name":"Song\u2010Chun Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1925-5973"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Song-Chun Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Statistics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Statistics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.5858,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":73,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95738424,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"40","issue":"7","first_page":"1639","last_page":"1652"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10812","display_name":"Human Pose and Action Recognition","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analogy","display_name":"Analogy","score":0.6260888576507568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6086912751197815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5799337029457092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trajectory","display_name":"Trajectory","score":0.5740587711334229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motion","display_name":"Motion (physics)","score":0.4942612648010254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","score":0.492331862449646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motion-capture","display_name":"Motion capture","score":0.44374024868011475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3929513394832611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.3620999753475189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.32860666513442993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.11916947364807129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.10223069787025452}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521332185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185816","display_name":"Analogy","level":2,"score":0.6260888576507568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6086912751197815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5799337029457092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13662910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193139","display_name":"Trajectory","level":2,"score":0.5740587711334229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104114177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79782","display_name":"Motion (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4942612648010254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.492331862449646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48007421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q676252","display_name":"Motion capture","level":3,"score":0.44374024868011475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3929513394832611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3620999753475189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.32860666513442993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.11916947364807129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.10223069787025452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006802","descriptor_name":"Human Activities","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006802","descriptor_name":"Human Activities","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006802","descriptor_name":"Human Activities","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014741","descriptor_name":"Video Recording","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014741","descriptor_name":"Video Recording","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014741","descriptor_name":"Video Recording","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016000","descriptor_name":"Cluster Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016000","descriptor_name":"Cluster Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016000","descriptor_name":"Cluster Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D033182","descriptor_name":"Intention","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D033182","descriptor_name":"Intention","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D033182","descriptor_name":"Intention","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.2017.2728788","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2017.2728788","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:28727549","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28727549","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4930815","https://openalex.org/W66452226","https://openalex.org/W1237089097","https://openalex.org/W1493142784","https://openalex.org/W1506491340","https://openalex.org/W1553596068","https://openalex.org/W1711926650","https://openalex.org/W1970206276","https://openalex.org/W1972283961","https://openalex.org/W2011128100","https://openalex.org/W2016135469","https://openalex.org/W2032165333","https://openalex.org/W2036586770","https://openalex.org/W2040395913","https://openalex.org/W2041050725","https://openalex.org/W2045792079","https://openalex.org/W2053407718","https://openalex.org/W2057175746","https://openalex.org/W2073419240","https://openalex.org/W2074043780","https://openalex.org/W2090229683","https://openalex.org/W2097138498","https://openalex.org/W2099320314","https://openalex.org/W2101821104","https://openalex.org/W2106110775","https://openalex.org/W2108404684","https://openalex.org/W2110940013","https://openalex.org/W2116137332","https://openalex.org/W2118246710","https://openalex.org/W2125095437","https://openalex.org/W2133235827","https://openalex.org/W2142996775","https://openalex.org/W2147615062","https://openalex.org/W2151516755","https://openalex.org/W2152341468","https://openalex.org/W2153690652","https://openalex.org/W2164489414","https://openalex.org/W2167052694","https://openalex.org/W2169393274","https://openalex.org/W2171544105","https://openalex.org/W2185953016","https://openalex.org/W2293288132","https://openalex.org/W2295440603","https://openalex.org/W2424778531","https://openalex.org/W2443846596","https://openalex.org/W2532516272","https://openalex.org/W2767734520","https://openalex.org/W2911273949","https://openalex.org/W6659644400","https://openalex.org/W6673194194","https://openalex.org/W6677531546","https://openalex.org/W6678706630","https://openalex.org/W6728740164","https://openalex.org/W6746136750"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1827696521","https://openalex.org/W2101105382","https://openalex.org/W2039848376","https://openalex.org/W2173450654","https://openalex.org/W2621720158","https://openalex.org/W2130272765","https://openalex.org/W2091722187","https://openalex.org/W2006196742","https://openalex.org/W2055991023","https://openalex.org/W2089042722"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,164],"method":[4],"for":[5],"localizing":[6,180],"functional":[7],"objects":[8,42,61],"and":[9,13,153,162,177,179,181],"predicting":[10,173],"human":[11,174],"intents":[12,147],"trajectories":[14],"in":[15,24,27,107,113,123,148,172,188],"surveillance":[16],"videos":[17],"of":[18,125,151,185],"public":[19,28,109,190],"spaces,":[20],"under":[21],"no":[22],"supervision":[23],"training.":[25],"People":[26],"spaces":[29],"are":[30,62],"expected":[31],"to":[32,38,93],"intentionally":[33],"take":[34],"shortest":[35],"paths":[36],"(subject":[37],"obstacles)":[39],"toward":[40],"certain":[41,54],"(e.g.,":[43,56],"vending":[44],"machine,":[45],"picnic":[46],"table,":[47],"dumpster":[48],"etc.)":[49],"where":[50],"they":[51,69],"can":[52,98,144],"satisfy":[53],"needs":[55],"quench":[57],"thirst).":[58],"Since":[59],"these":[60],"typically":[63],"very":[64],"small":[65],"or":[66,104],"heavily":[67],"occluded,":[68],"cannot":[70],"be":[71,100],"inferred":[72],"by":[73,79,91],"their":[74,80,96,146],"visual":[75],"appearance":[76],"but":[77],"indirectly":[78],"influence":[81],"on":[82],"people's":[83],"trajectories.":[84],"Therefore,":[85],"we":[86,160],"call":[87],"them":[88],"\"dark":[89,186],"matter\",":[90],"analogy":[92],"cosmology,":[94],"since":[95],"presence":[97],"only":[99],"observed":[101],"as":[102,118],"attractive":[103],"repulsive":[105],"\"fields\"":[106,127],"the":[108,114,126,149,156],"space.":[110],"A":[111],"person":[112],"scene":[115],"is":[116,135],"modeled":[117],"an":[119,138],"intelligent":[120],"agent":[121],"engaged":[122],"one":[124],"selected":[128],"depending":[129],"his/her":[130],"intent.":[131],"An":[132],"agent's":[133],"trajectory":[134],"derived":[136],"from":[137],"Agent-based":[139],"Lagrangian":[140],"Mechanics.":[141],"The":[142,167],"agents":[143],"change":[145],"middle":[150],"motion":[152],"thus":[154],"alter":[155],"trajectory.":[157],"For":[158],"evaluation,":[159],"compiled":[161],"annotated":[163],"new":[165],"dataset.":[166],"results":[168],"demonstrate":[169],"our":[170],"effectiveness":[171],"intent":[175],"behaviors":[176],"trajectories,":[178],"discovering":[182],"distinct":[183],"types":[184],"matter\"":[187],"wide":[189],"spaces.":[191]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}