{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2593324139","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2017.2676778","title":"Boosted Random Ferns for Object Detection","display_name":"Boosted Random Ferns for Object Detection","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2593324139","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2017.2676778","mag":"2593324139","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28278456"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.2017.2676778","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2017.2676778","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://upcommons.upc.edu/bitstream/2117/116312/1/1840-Boosted-random-ferns-for-object-detection.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026907649","display_name":"Michael Villamizar Vergel","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093282","display_name":"Institut de Rob\u00f2tica i Inform\u00e0tica Industrial","ror":"https://ror.org/00mcdyn90","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134820265","https://openalex.org/I4210093282","https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Villamizar Vergel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institut de Robotica i Inform\u00e0tica Industrial, Barcelona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut de Robotica i Inform\u00e0tica Industrial, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093282"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039307249","display_name":"Juan Andrade\u2010Cetto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6354-8941"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093282","display_name":"Institut de Rob\u00f2tica i Inform\u00e0tica Industrial","ror":"https://ror.org/00mcdyn90","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134820265","https://openalex.org/I4210093282","https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juan Andrade-Cetto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institut de Robotica i Inform\u00e0tica Industrial, Barcelona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut de Robotica i Inform\u00e0tica Industrial, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093282"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041730641","display_name":"Alberto Sanfeliu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3868-9678"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093282","display_name":"Institut de Rob\u00f2tica i Inform\u00e0tica Industrial","ror":"https://ror.org/00mcdyn90","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134820265","https://openalex.org/I4210093282","https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alberto Sanfeliu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institut de Robotica i Inform\u00e0tica Industrial, Barcelona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut de Robotica i Inform\u00e0tica Industrial, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093282"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106691454","display_name":"Francesc Moreno-Noguer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8640-684X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093282","display_name":"Institut de Rob\u00f2tica i Inform\u00e0tica Industrial","ror":"https://ror.org/00mcdyn90","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134820265","https://openalex.org/I4210093282","https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francesc Moreno-Noguer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institut de Robotica i Inform\u00e0tica Industrial, Barcelona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8640-684X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut de Robotica i Inform\u00e0tica Industrial, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093282"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093282"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9019,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83147985,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"40","issue":"2","first_page":"272","last_page":"288"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6405602693557739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6305325031280518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.5892952084541321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.5745397806167603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.5068846344947815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.47959104180336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.41290023922920227}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6405602693557739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6305325031280518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.5892952084541321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.5745397806167603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.5068846344947815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.47959104180336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.41290023922920227}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.2017.2676778","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2017.2676778","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:28278456","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28278456","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:upcommons.upc.edu:2117/116312","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2117/116312","pdf_url":"https://upcommons.upc.edu/bitstream/2117/116312/1/1840-Boosted-random-ferns-for-object-detection.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196262","display_name":"UPCommons institutional repository (Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I9617848","host_organization_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/167149","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10261/167149","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400616","display_name":"DIGITAL.CSIC (Spanish National Research Council (CSIC))","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I134820265","host_organization_name":"Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134820265"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:upcommons.upc.edu:2117/116312","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2117/116312","pdf_url":"https://upcommons.upc.edu/bitstream/2117/116312/1/1840-Boosted-random-ferns-for-object-detection.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196262","display_name":"UPCommons institutional repository (Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I9617848","host_organization_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7599999904632568,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1176565477","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"H2020-ICT-2014-1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","funder_display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1209699223","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ARCAS FP7-ICT-2011-28761","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1535130713","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"H2020-ICT","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2153309609","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ICT-2014-1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","funder_display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2228925922","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"H2020-Galileo-2015-1-687534","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","funder_display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2445369504","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"H2020-ICT-2014","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4350665218","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"H2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326262","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Asuntos Econ\u00f3micos y Transformaci\u00f3n Digital, Gobierno de Espa\u00f1a"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4725739752","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"H2020-ICT-2014-1-644271","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","funder_display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4903682188","display_name":"Tight integration of EGNSS and on-board sensors for port vehicle automation","funder_award_id":"687534","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4937468798","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"H2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6175521985","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"H2020-ICT-2014-1-644271","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G673690519","display_name":"AErial RObotic system  integrating  multiple ARMS and advanced manipulation capabilities for inspection and maintenance","funder_award_id":"644271","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7847148445","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"H2020-ICT-2014-1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8866749612","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"644271","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","funder_display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326262","display_name":"Ministerio de Asuntos Econ\u00f3micos y Transformaci\u00f3n Digital, Gobierno de Espa\u00f1a","ror":"https://ror.org/03sv46s19"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334830","display_name":"Ag\u00e8ncia de Gesti\u00f3 d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca","ror":"https://ror.org/01n4pqe45"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2593324139.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":71,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W278712781","https://openalex.org/W1531902019","https://openalex.org/W1533501036","https://openalex.org/W1777102342","https://openalex.org/W1967378103","https://openalex.org/W1971616954","https://openalex.org/W1971988305","https://openalex.org/W1974744233","https://openalex.org/W1976931317","https://openalex.org/W1984193397","https://openalex.org/W1989684337","https://openalex.org/W1991711375","https://openalex.org/W1991956880","https://openalex.org/W1992047056","https://openalex.org/W1995444699","https://openalex.org/W2016215417","https://openalex.org/W2024046085","https://openalex.org/W2032210760","https://openalex.org/W2036989445","https://openalex.org/W2052355211","https://openalex.org/W2065090505","https://openalex.org/W2070480229","https://openalex.org/W2076699421","https://openalex.org/W2082609813","https://openalex.org/W2088804257","https://openalex.org/W2097222246","https://openalex.org/W2100588357","https://openalex.org/W2101886560","https://openalex.org/W2106255337","https://openalex.org/W2111662190","https://openalex.org/W2113201641","https://openalex.org/W2117203466","https://openalex.org/W2119605622","https://openalex.org/W2120673251","https://openalex.org/W2123296323","https://openalex.org/W2123456673","https://openalex.org/W2125337786","https://openalex.org/W2125641978","https://openalex.org/W2128942651","https://openalex.org/W2129018774","https://openalex.org/W2130863892","https://openalex.org/W2132178785","https://openalex.org/W2135931458","https://openalex.org/W2141582975","https://openalex.org/W2147533695","https://openalex.org/W2147629985","https://openalex.org/W2150066425","https://openalex.org/W2151103935","https://openalex.org/W2151673653","https://openalex.org/W2153565331","https://openalex.org/W2159589665","https://openalex.org/W2159680539","https://openalex.org/W2159969603","https://openalex.org/W2160225842","https://openalex.org/W2161567010","https://openalex.org/W2161969291","https://openalex.org/W2164598857","https://openalex.org/W2165741220","https://openalex.org/W2168356304","https://openalex.org/W2170865122","https://openalex.org/W2256468674","https://openalex.org/W2321479260","https://openalex.org/W2546526894","https://openalex.org/W2548197316","https://openalex.org/W3097096317","https://openalex.org/W4244952642","https://openalex.org/W4293171766","https://openalex.org/W6632063742","https://openalex.org/W6643253560","https://openalex.org/W6682349129","https://openalex.org/W6729258895"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3193043704","https://openalex.org/W4386259002","https://openalex.org/W1546989560","https://openalex.org/W3171520305","https://openalex.org/W1924178503","https://openalex.org/W4308716060","https://openalex.org/W4280648719","https://openalex.org/W3135126032","https://openalex.org/W4386937079","https://openalex.org/W4292830139"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper":[2],"we":[3,27,33,55,107,155,218],"introduce":[4,34],"the":[5,22,60,79,86,90,93,114,132,168,204],"Boosted":[6],"Random":[7],"Ferns":[8],"(BRFs)":[9],"to":[10,46,67,112,130,135,191],"rapidly":[11],"build":[12],"discriminative":[13,116],"classifiers":[14],"for":[15,70,96,163,178,223],"learning":[16],"and":[17,50,89,186,197,222,229],"detecting":[18],"object":[19],"categories.":[20],"At":[21],"core":[23],"of":[24,62,74,92,118,138,206,225],"our":[25,125,207],"approach":[26,208],"use":[28,108],"standard":[29],"random":[30],"ferns,":[31,143],"but":[32,105],"four":[35],"main":[36],"innovations":[37],"that":[38,128,157,194],"let":[39],"us":[40],"bring":[41],"ferns":[42,82],"from":[43],"an":[44],"instance":[45],"a":[47,71,109,149],"category":[48],"level,":[49],"still":[51],"retain":[52],"efficiency.":[53],"First,":[54],"define":[56],"binary":[57,94,139],"features":[58,95,140],"on":[59],"histogram":[61],"oriented":[63],"gradients-domain":[64],"(as":[65],"opposed":[66],"intensity-),":[68],"allowing":[69],"better":[72],"representation":[73],"intra-class":[75],"variability.":[76],"Second,":[77],"both":[78,226],"positions":[80],"where":[81],"are":[83,99],"evaluated":[84,177],"within":[85],"sliding":[87],"window,":[88],"location":[91],"each":[97],"fern":[98],"not":[100],"chosen":[101],"completely":[102],"at":[103,148],"random,":[104],"instead":[106],"boosting":[110,133],"strategy":[111,134],"pick":[113],"most":[115],"combination":[117],"them.":[119],"This":[120],"is":[121,129],"further":[122],"enhanced":[123],"by":[124,209],"third":[126],"contribution,":[127],"adapt":[131],"enable":[136],"sharing":[137],"among":[141],"different":[142],"yielding":[144],"high":[145],"recognition":[146],"rates":[147,189],"low":[150],"computational":[151],"cost.":[152],"And":[153],"finally,":[154],"show":[156],"training":[158],"can":[159,171],"be":[160,172],"performed":[161],"online,":[162],"sequentially":[164],"arriving":[165],"images.":[166],"Overall,":[167],"resulting":[169],"classifier":[170],"very":[173],"efficiently":[174],"trained,":[175],"densely":[176],"all":[179],"image":[180],"locations":[181],"in":[182,212,216],"about":[183],"0.1":[184],"seconds,":[185],"provides":[187],"detection":[188,228],"similar":[190],"competing":[192],"approaches":[193],"require":[195],"expensive":[196],"significantly":[198],"slower":[199],"processing":[200],"times.":[201],"We":[202],"demonstrate":[203],"effectiveness":[205],"thorough":[210],"experimentation":[211],"publicly":[213],"available":[214],"datasets":[215],"which":[217],"compare":[219],"against":[220],"state-of-the-art,":[221],"tasks":[224],"2D":[227],"3D":[230],"multi-view":[231],"estimation.":[232]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
