{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2963143328","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2016.2637921","title":"Cross-Convolutional-Layer Pooling for Image Recognition","display_name":"Cross-Convolutional-Layer Pooling for Image Recognition","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-12-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2963143328","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2016.2637921","mag":"2963143328","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27959804"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.2016.2637921","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2016.2637921","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070976480","display_name":"Lingqiao Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3584-795X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5681781","display_name":"University of Adelaide","ror":"https://ror.org/00892tw58","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5681781"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lingqiao Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5681781"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006294869","display_name":"Chunhua Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8648-8718"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5681781","display_name":"University of Adelaide","ror":"https://ror.org/00892tw58","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5681781"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chunhua Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5681781"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028024287","display_name":"Anton van den Hengel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3027-8364"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5681781","display_name":"University of Adelaide","ror":"https://ror.org/00892tw58","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5681781"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anton van den Hengel","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5681781"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5070976480"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5681781"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.0817,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":92,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97741872,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"39","issue":"11","first_page":"2305","last_page":"2313"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pooling","display_name":"Pooling","score":0.8825157880783081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.8498658537864685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7772582769393921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7704800963401794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6946361064910889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.6602230668067932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.589882493019104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/layer","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","score":0.5698232054710388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contextual-image-classification","display_name":"Contextual image classification","score":0.5331655740737915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.5194470286369324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.46461379528045654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3844173550605774}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70437156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7228652","display_name":"Pooling","level":2,"score":0.8825157880783081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.8498658537864685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7772582769393921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7704800963401794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6946361064910889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6602230668067932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.589882493019104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.5698232054710388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.5331655740737915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5194470286369324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.46461379528045654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3844173550605774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.2016.2637921","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2016.2637921","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:27959804","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27959804","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:digital.library.adelaide.edu.au:2440/104884","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2440/104884","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401835","display_name":"Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I5681781","host_organization_name":"The University of Adelaide","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5681781"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2016.2637921","raw_type":"Journal article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.5199999809265137},{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.41999998688697815}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1283842447","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DP160103710","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","funder_display_name":"Australian Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4637187505","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"LP130100156","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","funder_display_name":"Australian Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G810647356","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FT120100969","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","funder_display_name":"Australian Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","display_name":"Australian Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/05mmh0f86"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":66,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W56385144","https://openalex.org/W1146399046","https://openalex.org/W1524680991","https://openalex.org/W1536680647","https://openalex.org/W1556531089","https://openalex.org/W1606858007","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1758727174","https://openalex.org/W1833123814","https://openalex.org/W1849277567","https://openalex.org/W1903029394","https://openalex.org/W1909952827","https://openalex.org/W1920702274","https://openalex.org/W1933900011","https://openalex.org/W1960777822","https://openalex.org/W1974138240","https://openalex.org/W2037511607","https://openalex.org/W2062118960","https://openalex.org/W2066650804","https://openalex.org/W2079789819","https://openalex.org/W2083367367","https://openalex.org/W2099528205","https://openalex.org/W2104657103","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2115628259","https://openalex.org/W2118132750","https://openalex.org/W2129326773","https://openalex.org/W2141362318","https://openalex.org/W2152161678","https://openalex.org/W2153635508","https://openalex.org/W2155541015","https://openalex.org/W2160921898","https://openalex.org/W2162915993","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2169177311","https://openalex.org/W2186094539","https://openalex.org/W2415655786","https://openalex.org/W2475287302","https://openalex.org/W2612703655","https://openalex.org/W2962835968","https://openalex.org/W2963173190","https://openalex.org/W2964193438","https://openalex.org/W3100609465","https://openalex.org/W4239072543","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4294375521","https://openalex.org/W6600609147","https://openalex.org/W6602324145","https://openalex.org/W6627302203","https://openalex.org/W6631498818","https://openalex.org/W6636412649","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6637792421","https://openalex.org/W6638556758","https://openalex.org/W6639204139","https://openalex.org/W6643596018","https://openalex.org/W6648737282","https://openalex.org/W6676297131","https://openalex.org/W6677322961","https://openalex.org/W6679431263","https://openalex.org/W6682778277","https://openalex.org/W6683590716","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6686583229","https://openalex.org/W6716561791","https://openalex.org/W6785469000"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2810679507","https://openalex.org/W2952813363","https://openalex.org/W2748667022","https://openalex.org/W4378678253","https://openalex.org/W2911497689","https://openalex.org/W4360783045","https://openalex.org/W3211770882","https://openalex.org/W2770149305","https://openalex.org/W2010629964","https://openalex.org/W2983135586"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recent":[0],"studies":[1,43],"have":[2],"shown":[3],"that":[4,26,155,173,197,243],"a":[5,13,21,34,47,52,64,118,141,218],"Deep":[6],"Convolutional":[7],"Neural":[8],"Network":[9],"(DCNN)":[10],"trained":[11],"on":[12,126,152,181,187,200],"large":[14],"image":[15,23,37,57,69,129,138,215,230,252],"dataset":[16],"can":[17],"be":[18],"used":[19,79],"as":[20,55,88,140,156],"universal":[22],"descriptor":[24],"and":[25,84,131,232],"doing":[27],"so":[28],"leads":[29],"to":[30,67,90,107,165,178,226,235],"impressive":[31],"performance":[32,209],"for":[33,80,213,250],"variety":[35],"of":[36,41,99,136,154,229],"recognition":[38],"tasks.":[39],"Most":[40],"these":[42],"adopt":[44],"activations":[45,135],"from":[46,71,117,217],"single":[48],"DCNN":[49],"layer,":[50,54],"usually":[51],"fully-connected":[53,134],"the":[56,85,92,123,133,157,192,204,227,237,244,251],"representation.":[58],"In":[59,220],"this":[60,109],"paper,":[61],"we":[62,102,171,222],"proposed":[63,205,245],"novel":[65],"way":[66],"extract":[68],"representations":[70,216],"two":[72,105],"consecutive":[73],"convolutional":[74,100,115,142,150,159],"layers:":[75],"one":[76],"layer":[77,151],"is":[78],"local":[81],"feature":[82,144],"extraction":[83],"other":[86],"serves":[87],"guidance":[89],"pool":[91],"extracted":[93],"features.":[94],"By":[95,161],"taking":[96],"different":[97],"viewpoints":[98],"layers,":[101],"further":[103],"develop":[104],"schemes":[106,234],"realize":[108],"idea.":[110],"The":[111,120],"first":[112,175],"directly":[113],"uses":[114],"layers":[116],"DCNN.":[119,219],"second":[121],"applies":[122],"pre-trained":[124],"CNN":[125],"densely":[127],"sampled":[128],"regions":[130],"treats":[132],"each":[137],"region":[139],"layer's":[143],"activations.":[145],"We":[146],"then":[147],"train":[148],"another":[149],"top":[153],"pooling-guidance":[158],"layer.":[160],"applying":[162],"our":[163,174],"method":[164,206,246],"three":[166],"popular":[167],"visual":[168,189],"classification":[169],"tasks,":[170],"find":[172],"scheme":[176],"tends":[177],"perform":[179],"better":[180],"applications":[182],"which":[183],"demand":[184],"strong":[185],"discrimination":[186,199],"lower-level":[188],"patterns":[190],"while":[191],"latter":[193],"excels":[194],"in":[195],"cases":[196],"require":[198],"category-level":[201],"patterns.":[202],"Overall,":[203],"achieves":[207,247],"superior":[208],"over":[210],"existing":[211],"approaches":[212],"extracting":[214],"addition,":[221],"apply":[223],"cross-layer":[224],"pooling":[225],"problem":[228],"retrieval":[231,253],"propose":[233],"reduce":[236],"computational":[238],"cost.":[239],"Experimental":[240],"results":[241,249],"suggest":[242],"promising":[248],"task.":[254]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}