{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2531868256","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2016.2616391","title":"PatchMatch Filter: Edge-Aware Filtering Meets Randomized Search for Visual Correspondence","display_name":"PatchMatch Filter: Edge-Aware Filtering Meets Randomized Search for Visual Correspondence","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-10-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2531868256","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2016.2616391","mag":"2531868256","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27740475"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.2016.2616391","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2016.2616391","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084252480","display_name":"Jiangbo Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0048-3140"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108443","display_name":"Advanced Digital Sciences Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01xaqx887","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210108443"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jiangbo Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Advanced Digital Sciences Center, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advanced Digital Sciences Center, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108443"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100345915","display_name":"Yu Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1865-8276"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108443","display_name":"Advanced Digital Sciences Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01xaqx887","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210108443"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Advanced Digital Sciences Center, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advanced Digital Sciences Center, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108443"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034966902","display_name":"Hongsheng Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6229-1040"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongsheng Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google, Mountain View, CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google, Mountain View, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037006973","display_name":"Dongbo Min","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4825-5240"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196345858","display_name":"Chungnam National University","ror":"https://ror.org/0227as991","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196345858"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dongbo Min","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196345858"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027519980","display_name":"Weiyong Eng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9744-2782"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173029219","display_name":"Multimedia University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zrbnc33","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173029219"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weiyong Eng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Multimedia University, Cyberjaya, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Multimedia University, Cyberjaya, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173029219"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005908865","display_name":"N. Minh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5132-4986"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minh N. Do","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5084252480"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108443"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.203,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":32,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92085165,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"39","issue":"9","first_page":"1866","last_page":"1879"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subpixel-rendering","display_name":"Subpixel rendering","score":0.6936357021331787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.586277425289154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-complexity-theory","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","score":0.5733420252799988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","score":0.517983078956604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4338814616203308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3776036500930786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.3707196116447449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.33616846799850464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3067286014556885}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68516990","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q452912","display_name":"Subpixel rendering","level":3,"score":0.6936357021331787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.586277425289154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.5733420252799988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.517983078956604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4338814616203308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3776036500930786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.3707196116447449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.33616846799850464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3067286014556885}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.2016.2616391","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2016.2616391","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:27740475","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27740475","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:shdl.mmu.edu.my:7050","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196753","display_name":"Siti Hasmah Digital Library-MMU Institutiona Repository (Multimedia University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I173029219","host_organization_name":"Multimedia University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173029219"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"NonPeerReviewed"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1431478757","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2015R1D1A1A01061143","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320696","display_name":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/036wvzt09"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W330759146","https://openalex.org/W1513100184","https://openalex.org/W1763426478","https://openalex.org/W1867429401","https://openalex.org/W1915301860","https://openalex.org/W1951289974","https://openalex.org/W1964057156","https://openalex.org/W1968799614","https://openalex.org/W1981765608","https://openalex.org/W1993120651","https://openalex.org/W1995194116","https://openalex.org/W1996126470","https://openalex.org/W1999478155","https://openalex.org/W2007012942","https://openalex.org/W2009250577","https://openalex.org/W2015207482","https://openalex.org/W2032871891","https://openalex.org/W2039580825","https://openalex.org/W2050403968","https://openalex.org/W2053467532","https://openalex.org/W2062426340","https://openalex.org/W2090518410","https://openalex.org/W2092698325","https://openalex.org/W2099244020","https://openalex.org/W2103031616","https://openalex.org/W2104620097","https://openalex.org/W2107884096","https://openalex.org/W2111533989","https://openalex.org/W2113221323","https://openalex.org/W2118246710","https://openalex.org/W2120657032","https://openalex.org/W2123782500","https://openalex.org/W2124202434","https://openalex.org/W2124861766","https://openalex.org/W2134292164","https://openalex.org/W2136405884","https://openalex.org/W2145023731","https://openalex.org/W2145940484","https://openalex.org/W2146249262","https://openalex.org/W2155302366","https://openalex.org/W2158919891","https://openalex.org/W2160956336","https://openalex.org/W2163148245","https://openalex.org/W2171857946","https://openalex.org/W2218190025","https://openalex.org/W2532567985","https://openalex.org/W2963317244","https://openalex.org/W6630726011","https://openalex.org/W6637776403","https://openalex.org/W6639126518","https://openalex.org/W6660133353","https://openalex.org/W6665976520","https://openalex.org/W6678681887","https://openalex.org/W6678827375","https://openalex.org/W6681330473","https://openalex.org/W6729281318"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W185753090","https://openalex.org/W2118974006","https://openalex.org/W2121391504","https://openalex.org/W1512144143","https://openalex.org/W1488997961","https://openalex.org/W2142711533","https://openalex.org/W2337415362","https://openalex.org/W4312857205","https://openalex.org/W121273120","https://openalex.org/W2740820121"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Though":[0],"many":[1],"tasks":[2],"in":[3,184,254,261],"computer":[4],"vision":[5],"can":[6,119],"be":[7],"formulated":[8],"elegantly":[9],"as":[10],"pixel-labeling":[11],"problems,":[12,47],"a":[13,18,40,156,226,244],"typical":[14],"challenge":[15],"discouraging":[16],"such":[17],"discrete":[19,45],"formulation":[20],"is":[21,86,92],"often":[22,93,282],"due":[23],"to":[24,43,62,110,176,219],"computational":[25,104,160],"efficiency.":[26],"Recent":[27],"studies":[28],"on":[29,35,125,249],"fast":[30,41,159],"cost":[31,67,142,150],"volume":[32,68,143],"filtering":[33],"based":[34],"efficient":[36,149,174,191],"edge-aware":[37,192],"filters":[38],"provide":[39],"alternative":[42],"solve":[44],"labeling":[46,235],"with":[48,77],"the":[49,53,65,72,78,83,94,116,122,126,140,146,213,221],"complexity":[50,105,123],"independent":[51],"of":[52,148],"support":[54],"window":[55],"size.":[56,81,129],"However,":[57],"these":[58,179],"methods":[59,268],"still":[60],"have":[61],"step":[63],"through":[64],"entire":[66],"exhaustively,":[69],"which":[70,91,233],"makes":[71],"solution":[73],"speed":[74],"scale":[75],"linearly":[76],"label":[79,84],"space":[80,85,128],"When":[82],"huge":[87],"or":[88],"even":[89],"infinite,":[90],"case":[95],"for":[96,162,237],"(subpixel-accurate)":[97],"stereo":[98,262],"and":[99,135,158,173,190,211,263],"optical":[100,264],"flow":[101],"estimation,":[102],"their":[103],"becomes":[106],"quickly":[107],"unacceptable.":[108],"Developed":[109],"search":[111,127,134,189,207],"approximate":[112],"nearest":[113],"neighbors":[114],"rapidly,":[115],"PatchMatch":[117,167,215],"method":[118],"significantly":[120],"reduce":[121],"dependency":[124],"But,":[130],"its":[131],"pixel-wise":[132],"randomized":[133,188],"fragmented":[136],"data":[137],"access":[138],"within":[139],"3D":[141],"seriously":[144],"hinder":[145],"application":[147],"slice":[151],"filtering.":[152,194],"This":[153],"paper":[154],"presents":[155],"generic":[157],"framework":[161],"general":[163],"multi-labeling":[164],"problems":[165],"called":[166],"Filter":[168],"(PMF).":[169],"We":[170],"explore":[171],"effective":[172,229],"strategies":[175,208],"weave":[177],"together":[178],"two":[180],"fundamental":[181],"techniques":[182],"developed":[183],"isolation,":[185],"i.e.,":[186],"PatchMatch-based":[187],"image":[193,198],"By":[195],"decompositing":[196],"an":[197],"into":[199],"compact":[200],"superpixels,":[201],"we":[202,224,257],"also":[203],"propose":[204,225],"superpixel-based":[205],"novel":[206],"that":[209],"generalize":[210],"improve":[212,220],"original":[214],"method.":[216],"Further":[217],"motivated":[218],"regularization":[222],"strength,":[223],"simple":[227],"yet":[228],"cross-scale":[230],"consistency":[231],"constraint,":[232],"handles":[234],"estimation":[236,253],"large":[238],"low-textured":[239],"regions":[240],"more":[241],"reliably":[242],"than":[243,277],"single-scale":[245],"PMF":[246,267],"algorithm.":[247],"Focusing":[248],"dense":[250],"correspondence":[251,271],"field":[252],"this":[255],"paper,":[256],"demonstrate":[258],"PMF's":[259],"applications":[260],"flow.":[265],"Our":[266],"achieve":[269],"top-tier":[270],"accuracy":[272],"but":[273],"run":[274],"much":[275],"faster":[276],"other":[278],"related":[279],"competing":[280],"methods,":[281],"giving":[283],"over":[284],"10-100":[285],"times":[286],"speedup.":[287]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}