{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1974830217","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2014.2346195","title":"Normal Estimation of a Transparent Object Using a Video","display_name":"Normal Estimation of a Transparent Object Using a Video","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-08-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1974830217","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2014.2346195","mag":"1974830217","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26353301"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.2014.2346195","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2014.2346195","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027689970","display_name":"Sai-Kit Yeung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7974-0607"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152815399","display_name":"Singapore University of Technology and Design","ror":"https://ror.org/05j6fvn87","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152815399"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sai-Kit Yeung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pillar of Information Systems Technology and Design, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pillar of Information Systems Technology and Design, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152815399"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100811813","display_name":"Tai-Pang Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tai-Pang Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["HK Jiuling Technology Co. Ltd"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HK Jiuling Technology Co. Ltd","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062566088","display_name":"Chi\u2013Keung Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6495-3685"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chi-Keung Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong","Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong,"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003735769","display_name":"Tony F. Chan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6196-2068"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tony F. Chan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong","Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong,"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002037883","display_name":"Stanley Osher","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7900-4658"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stanley J. Osher","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA","[Department of Mathematics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Department of Mathematics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5027689970"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152815399"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":26.3786,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98910457,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"37","issue":"4","first_page":"890","last_page":"897"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/silhouette","display_name":"Silhouette","score":0.8481167554855347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.7863025069236755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7355867028236389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7169210910797119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.6630165576934814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.6019992232322693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cut","display_name":"Cut","score":0.5742630362510681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.5007317066192627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.4387321174144745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/salient","display_name":"Salient","score":0.4309428036212921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.09009107947349548}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58103923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2286025","display_name":"Silhouette","level":2,"score":0.8481167554855347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.7863025069236755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7355867028236389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7169210910797119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.6630165576934814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.6019992232322693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5134670","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1626444","display_name":"Cut","level":4,"score":0.5742630362510681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.5007317066192627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.4387321174144745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780719617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1030752","display_name":"Salient","level":2,"score":0.4309428036212921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.09009107947349548}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.2014.2346195","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2014.2346195","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:26353301","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26353301","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.hkust.edu.hk:1783.1-66179","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://repository.hkust.edu.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-66179","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401796","display_name":"Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.7099999785423279,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2134332999","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MOE2013-T2-1-159","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320751","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Education - Singapore"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3515183447","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IDG31300106","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309369","funder_display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5734010000","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ISTD 2011 016","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324110","funder_display_name":"Singapore University of Technology and Design"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G991126501","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2012 SUTD-ZJU/RES/03/2012","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334817","funder_display_name":"Cao Guangbiao High Science and Technology Foundation, Zhejiang University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309369","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320751","display_name":"Ministry of Education - Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01kcva023"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324110","display_name":"Singapore University of Technology and Design","ror":"https://ror.org/05j6fvn87"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334817","display_name":"Cao Guangbiao High Science and Technology Foundation, Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W95698601","https://openalex.org/W1573748084","https://openalex.org/W1965356738","https://openalex.org/W1971719398","https://openalex.org/W2005651782","https://openalex.org/W2015578497","https://openalex.org/W2027621340","https://openalex.org/W2042623992","https://openalex.org/W2049972229","https://openalex.org/W2078020442","https://openalex.org/W2096942416","https://openalex.org/W2099798230","https://openalex.org/W2101309634","https://openalex.org/W2101872283","https://openalex.org/W2112668648","https://openalex.org/W2117035055","https://openalex.org/W2117751343","https://openalex.org/W2121649761","https://openalex.org/W2124148036","https://openalex.org/W2124351162","https://openalex.org/W2128443640","https://openalex.org/W2130672192","https://openalex.org/W2142147923","https://openalex.org/W2142540472","https://openalex.org/W2149389319","https://openalex.org/W2151159838","https://openalex.org/W2151282550","https://openalex.org/W2159637164","https://openalex.org/W2163039610","https://openalex.org/W2163213698","https://openalex.org/W2165192967","https://openalex.org/W2294819727","https://openalex.org/W2912864153","https://openalex.org/W3106893712","https://openalex.org/W6603880370","https://openalex.org/W6641540050","https://openalex.org/W6651497069","https://openalex.org/W6681810375","https://openalex.org/W6758747957"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1522196789","https://openalex.org/W2753040704","https://openalex.org/W2119857899","https://openalex.org/W2021544484","https://openalex.org/W2032319136","https://openalex.org/W2109407305","https://openalex.org/W2038231398","https://openalex.org/W1582388844","https://openalex.org/W2088651901","https://openalex.org/W2897997384"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Reconstructing":[0],"transparent":[1,69,89,127],"objects":[2],"is":[3,37,55,61,120],"a":[4,44,65,68,86,126],"challenging":[5],"problem.":[6],"While":[7],"producing":[8],"reasonable":[9],"results":[10],"for":[11],"quite":[12],"complex":[13],"objects,":[14],"existing":[15],"approaches":[16],"require":[17],"custom":[18],"calibration":[19],"or":[20],"somewhat":[21],"expensive":[22],"labor":[23],"to":[24,109,143],"achieve":[25],"high":[26],"precision.":[27],"When":[28],"an":[29],"overall":[30],"shape":[31],"preserving":[32],"salient":[33],"and":[34,57,138],"fine":[35],"details":[36],"sufficient,":[38],"we":[39,76,123],"show":[40],"in":[41,103],"this":[42,105,148],"paper":[43],"significant":[45],"step":[46],"toward":[47],"solving":[48],"the":[49,52,78,82,93,133,145],"problem":[50,108],"when":[51],"object's":[53,128],"silhouette":[54],"available":[56],"simple":[58],"user":[59],"interaction":[60],"allowed,":[62],"by":[63],"using":[64],"video":[66],"of":[67,81,85,111,147],"object":[70],"shot":[71],"under":[72],"varying":[73],"illumination.":[74],"Specifically,":[75],"estimate":[77],"normal":[79,106],"map":[80],"exterior":[83],"surface":[84,94],"given":[87],"solid":[88],"object,":[90],"from":[91],"which":[92],"depth":[95],"can":[96,124],"be":[97],"integrated.":[98],"Our":[99],"technical":[100],"contribution":[101],"lies":[102],"relating":[104],"estimation":[107],"one":[110],"graph-cut":[112],"segmentation.":[113],"Unlike":[114],"conventional":[115],"formulations,":[116],"however,":[117],"our":[118],"graph":[119],"dual-layered,":[121],"since":[122],"see":[125],"foreground":[129],"as":[130,132],"well":[131],"background":[134],"behind":[135],"it.":[136],"Quantitative":[137],"qualitative":[139],"evaluation":[140],"are":[141],"performed":[142],"verify":[144],"efficacy":[146],"practical":[149],"solution.":[150]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}