{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2105023627","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2002.1046154","title":"Automatic recognition of handwritten numerical strings: a recognition and verification strategy","display_name":"Automatic recognition of handwritten numerical strings: a recognition and verification strategy","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2105023627","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2002.1046154","mag":"2105023627"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.2002.1046154","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2002.1046154","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038884704","display_name":"Luiz S. Oliveira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0595-5370"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9736820","display_name":"\u00c9cole de Technologie Sup\u00e9rieure","ror":"https://ror.org/0020snb74","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I49663120","https://openalex.org/I9736820"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60158472","display_name":"Concordia University","ror":"https://ror.org/0420zvk78","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"L.S. Oliveira","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Pattern Recognition and Machine Intelligence (CENPARMI), Concordia University, Montreal, Canada","Lab. d'Imagerie de Vision et d'Intelligence Artificielle, Ecole de Technologie Superieure, Montreal, Que., Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Pattern Recognition and Machine Intelligence (CENPARMI), Concordia University, Montreal, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lab. d'Imagerie de Vision et d'Intelligence Artificielle, Ecole de Technologie Superieure, Montreal, Que., Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9736820"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026340083","display_name":"Robert Sabourin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9098-1011"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9736820","display_name":"\u00c9cole de Technologie Sup\u00e9rieure","ror":"https://ror.org/0020snb74","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I49663120","https://openalex.org/I9736820"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60158472","display_name":"Concordia University","ror":"https://ror.org/0420zvk78","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Sabourin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Pattern Recognition and Machine Intelligence (CENPARMI), Concordia University, Montreal, Canada","Lab. d'Imagerie de Vision et d'Intelligence Artificielle, Ecole de Technologie Superieure, Montreal, Que., Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Pattern Recognition and Machine Intelligence (CENPARMI), Concordia University, Montreal, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lab. d'Imagerie de Vision et d'Intelligence Artificielle, Ecole de Technologie Superieure, Montreal, Que., Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9736820"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013206485","display_name":"Fl\u00e1vio Bortolozzi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0517-1127"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176838256","display_name":"Pontif\u00edcia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica do Paran\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/02x1vjk79","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176838256"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F. Bortolozzi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Programa de P\u00f3s-Graduac\u00e3o em Inform\u00e1tica Aplicada (PPGIA), Pont\u00edficia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica do Paran\u00e1, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil","[Programa de P\u00f3s-Graduac\u00e3o em Inform\u00e1tica Aplicada (PPGIA), Pont\u00edficia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica do Paran\u00e1, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Graduac\u00e3o em Inform\u00e1tica Aplicada (PPGIA), Pont\u00edficia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica do Paran\u00e1, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176838256"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Programa de P\u00f3s-Graduac\u00e3o em Inform\u00e1tica Aplicada (PPGIA), Pont\u00edficia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica do Paran\u00e1, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176838256"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109555570","display_name":"Ching Y. Suen","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C.Y. Suen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Pattern Recognition and Machine Intelligence, Montreal, Canada","[Centre for Pattern Recognition and Machine Intelligence, Montreal, Canada]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Pattern Recognition and Machine Intelligence, Montreal, Canada","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Centre for Pattern Recognition and Machine Intelligence, Montreal, Canada]","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5038884704"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60158472","https://openalex.org/I9736820"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.2087,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":220,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97624137,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"11","first_page":"1438","last_page":"1454"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11269","display_name":"Algorithms and Data Compression","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7608309984207153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nist","display_name":"NIST","score":0.7579894661903381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6930779218673706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modular-design","display_name":"Modular design","score":0.628655195236206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6072112917900085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5849267840385437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.5437735915184021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.5125384330749512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.4553215801715851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automaton","display_name":"Automaton","score":0.4548223614692688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.43889299035072327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.34490829706192017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3203728497028351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.23312020301818848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.07965612411499023}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7608309984207153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111219384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6954384","display_name":"NIST","level":2,"score":0.7579894661903381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6930779218673706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101468663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620158","display_name":"Modular design","level":2,"score":0.628655195236206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6072112917900085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5849267840385437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.5437735915184021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.5125384330749512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4553215801715851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112505250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q787116","display_name":"Automaton","level":2,"score":0.4548223614692688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.43889299035072327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.34490829706192017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3203728497028351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.23312020301818848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.07965612411499023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.2002.1046154","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2002.1046154","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.18.7192","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.18.7192","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.livia.etsmtl.ca/people/soares/download/pami02.ps.gz","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.4.4101","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.4.4101","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.livia.etsmtl.ca/publications/2002/pami2002.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.75,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322772","display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Arauc\u00e1ria","ror":"https://ror.org/02r7nkw81"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W108649068","https://openalex.org/W1554663460","https://openalex.org/W1599860075","https://openalex.org/W1757231607","https://openalex.org/W1864990666","https://openalex.org/W1977820478","https://openalex.org/W1980501707","https://openalex.org/W1993119111","https://openalex.org/W2004075725","https://openalex.org/W2038187458","https://openalex.org/W2058589204","https://openalex.org/W2072181047","https://openalex.org/W2081337758","https://openalex.org/W2100877901","https://openalex.org/W2107600630","https://openalex.org/W2120163503","https://openalex.org/W2126738248","https://openalex.org/W2127222719","https://openalex.org/W2129169401","https://openalex.org/W2132796379","https://openalex.org/W2140766383","https://openalex.org/W2142384583","https://openalex.org/W2147800946","https://openalex.org/W2149043292","https://openalex.org/W2163349624","https://openalex.org/W2170453670","https://openalex.org/W2170599822","https://openalex.org/W2170939707","https://openalex.org/W4388297464","https://openalex.org/W6674950941","https://openalex.org/W6680789778"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2106922437","https://openalex.org/W2807901368","https://openalex.org/W2158491338","https://openalex.org/W2133733652","https://openalex.org/W2072658171","https://openalex.org/W2606392311","https://openalex.org/W4385956668","https://openalex.org/W2900895161","https://openalex.org/W4380838366","https://openalex.org/W2539884462"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0,40,59,71],"modular":[1,114],"system":[2,115,122],"to":[3,48,66],"recognize":[4],"handwritten":[5],"numerical":[6,97],"strings":[7],"is":[8,57,63,78],"proposed.":[9],"It":[10],"uses":[11],"a":[12,17,37,75,124],"segmentation-based":[13],"recognition":[14,18],"approach":[15,23],"and":[16,19,34,55,80,103,116],"verification":[20,42],"strategy.":[21],"The":[22,106],"combines":[24],"the":[25,51,68,81,111,118,121],"outputs":[26],"from":[27],"different":[28],"levels":[29],"such":[30],"as":[31],"segmentation,":[32],"recognition,":[33],"postprocessing":[35],"in":[36],"probabilistic":[38],"model.":[39],"new":[41,60],"scheme":[43],"which":[44],"contains":[45],"two":[46,93],"verifiers":[47],"deal":[49],"with":[50],"problems":[52],"of":[53,113,120],"oversegmentation":[54,69],"undersegmentation":[56],"presented.":[58],"feature":[61],"set":[62],"also":[64],"introduced":[65],"feed":[67],"verifier.":[70],"postprocessor":[72],"based":[73],"on":[74,92,99],"deterministic":[76],"automaton":[77],"used":[79],"global":[82],"decision":[83],"module":[84],"makes":[85],"an":[86],"accept/reject":[87],"decision.":[88],"Finally,":[89],"experimental":[90],"results":[91],"databases":[94],"are":[95],"presented:":[96],"amounts":[98],"Brazilian":[100],"bank":[101],"checks":[102],"NIST":[104],"SD19.":[105],"latter":[107],"aims":[108],"at":[109],"validating":[110],"concept":[112],"showing":[117],"robustness":[119],"using":[123],"well-known":[125],"database.":[126]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":13}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
