{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2108528870","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2002.1023802","title":"An object-oriented progressive-simplification-based vectorization system for engineering drawings: model, algorithm, and performance","display_name":"An object-oriented progressive-simplification-based vectorization system for engineering drawings: model, algorithm, and performance","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2108528870","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2002.1023802","mag":"2108528870"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.2002.1023802","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2002.1023802","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014454066","display_name":"Jiqiang Song","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiqiang Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Lab of Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China","State Key Lab of Novel Software Technol., Nanjing Univ., China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Lab of Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Lab of Novel Software Technol., Nanjing Univ., China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006378862","display_name":"Feng Su","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8426-9634"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feng Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Lab of Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China","State Key Lab of Novel Software Technol., Nanjing Univ., China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Lab of Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Lab of Novel Software Technol., Nanjing Univ., China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018275477","display_name":"Chiew\u2010Lan Tai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1486-1974"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN","HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chiew-Lan Tai","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Lab of Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China","Department of Computer Science Hong Kong, University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Lab of Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science Hong Kong, University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100943746","display_name":"Shijie Cai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134687103","display_name":"Nanjing Tech University","ror":"https://ror.org/03sd35x91","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134687103"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN","HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shijie Cai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China","State Key Lab of Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P.R.China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Lab of Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P.R.China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134687103","https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.0797,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":96,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95546526,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"8","first_page":"1048","last_page":"1060"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12923","display_name":"Digital Image Processing Techniques","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12549","display_name":"Image and Object Detection Techniques","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vectorization","display_name":"Vectorization (mathematics)","score":0.8668323755264282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/raster-graphics","display_name":"Raster graphics","score":0.8582969903945923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7998219728469849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.6886230111122131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workflow","display_name":"Workflow","score":0.5814873576164246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5401069521903992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5245847105979919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.5140606164932251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.49559295177459717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-truth","display_name":"Ground truth","score":0.4160916209220886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.15224885940551758}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41681595","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7917855","display_name":"Vectorization (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.8668323755264282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181844469","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182270","display_name":"Raster graphics","level":2,"score":0.8582969903945923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7998219728469849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.6886230111122131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177212765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627335","display_name":"Workflow","level":2,"score":0.5814873576164246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5401069521903992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5245847105979919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.5140606164932251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.49559295177459717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146849305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370766","display_name":"Ground truth","level":2,"score":0.4160916209220886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.15224885940551758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.2002.1023802","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2002.1023802","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.hkust.edu.hk:1783.1-28040","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://repository.hkust.edu.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-28040","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401796","display_name":"Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","score":0.5}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1486308558","https://openalex.org/W1490482062","https://openalex.org/W1529958467","https://openalex.org/W1556373203","https://openalex.org/W1566300336","https://openalex.org/W1595021786","https://openalex.org/W1970357513","https://openalex.org/W1973938415","https://openalex.org/W1974758233","https://openalex.org/W1982392736","https://openalex.org/W1993482509","https://openalex.org/W2002857012","https://openalex.org/W2015951211","https://openalex.org/W2058524497","https://openalex.org/W2068451883","https://openalex.org/W2076535963","https://openalex.org/W2081827258","https://openalex.org/W2093555349","https://openalex.org/W2102228490","https://openalex.org/W2108115047","https://openalex.org/W2114282341","https://openalex.org/W2115712375","https://openalex.org/W2118030626","https://openalex.org/W2126676167","https://openalex.org/W2156126665","https://openalex.org/W2157515255","https://openalex.org/W2162163324","https://openalex.org/W2310393397"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2141028190","https://openalex.org/W2355044006","https://openalex.org/W2145135145","https://openalex.org/W2012799661","https://openalex.org/W4210244968","https://openalex.org/W1972520314","https://openalex.org/W2371122778","https://openalex.org/W1936004923","https://openalex.org/W2381562417","https://openalex.org/W2350968851"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Existing":[0],"vectorization":[1,68,87],"systems":[2],"for":[3,54],"engineering":[4,79],"drawings":[5,147],"usually":[6,29],"take":[7],"a":[8,12],"two-phase":[9],"workflow:":[10],"convert":[11],"raster":[13,116],"image":[14,117],"to":[15,60,126],"raw":[16,24,57],"vectors":[17,58],"and":[18,55,69,148,163],"recognize":[19],"graphic":[20,33,40,94,103,124],"objects":[21,41,95,125],"from":[22,96],"the":[23,46,50,61,71,75,112,135,138],"vectors.":[25],"The":[26,115,155],"first":[27],"phase":[28,48],"separates":[30],"aground":[31],"truth":[32,102],"object":[34,104],"that":[35,89],"intersects":[36],"or":[37],"touches":[38],"other":[39],"into":[42],"several":[43],"parts,":[44],"thus,":[45],"second":[47],"faces":[49],"difficulty":[51],"of":[52,93,137],"searching":[53],"merging":[56],"belonging":[59],"same":[62],"object.":[63],"These":[64],"operations":[65],"slow":[66],"down":[67],"degrade":[70],"recognition":[72,164],"quality.":[73],"Imitating":[74],"way":[76],"humans":[77],"read":[78],"drawings,":[80],"we":[81,141],"propose":[82],"an":[83],"efficient":[84],"one-phase":[85],"object-oriented":[86],"model":[88],"recognizes":[90],"each":[91],"class":[92],"their":[97,128],"natural":[98],"characteristics.":[99],"Each":[100],"ground":[101],"is":[105,118],"recognized":[106,123],"directly":[107],"in":[108,161],"its":[109],"entirety":[110],"at":[111],"pixel":[113],"level.":[114],"progressively":[119],"simplified":[120],"by":[121],"erasing":[122],"eliminate":[127],"interference":[129],"with":[130],"subsequent":[131],"recognition.":[132],"To":[133],"evaluate":[134],"performance":[136],"proposed":[139],"model,":[140],"present":[142],"experimental":[143],"results":[144,157],"on":[145],"real-life":[146],"quantitative":[149],"analysis":[150],"using":[151],"third":[152],"party":[153],"protocols.":[154],"evaluation":[156],"show":[158],"significant":[159],"improvement":[160],"speed":[162],"rate.":[165]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
