{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2028460852","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.1987.4767981","title":"An Iterative Thresholding Algorithm for Image Segmentation","display_name":"An Iterative Thresholding Algorithm for Image Segmentation","publication_year":1987,"publication_date":"1987-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2028460852","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.1987.4767981","mag":"2028460852","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21869436"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.1987.4767981","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.1987.4767981","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076298271","display_name":"Arnulfo Perez","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75027704","display_name":"University of Tennessee at Knoxville","ror":"https://ror.org/020f3ap87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Arnulfo Perez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060483774","display_name":"Rafael C. Gonz\u00e1lez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8486-1032"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75027704","display_name":"University of Tennessee at Knoxville","ror":"https://ror.org/020f3ap87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rafael C. Gonzalez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996; Perceptics Corporation, Pellisippi Center, Knoxville, TN 37932"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996; Perceptics Corporation, Pellisippi Center, Knoxville, TN 37932","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5076298271"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.5943,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":115,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89386318,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"PAMI-9","issue":"6","first_page":"742","last_page":"751"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12549","display_name":"Image and Object Detection Techniques","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12549","display_name":"Image and Object Detection Techniques","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10052","display_name":"Medical Image Segmentation Techniques","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thresholding","display_name":"Thresholding","score":0.77789705991745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7023723721504211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.6941275596618652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6851593852043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.6763195395469666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6280073523521423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/raster-graphics","display_name":"Raster graphics","score":0.619238555431366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5006506443023682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale-space-segmentation","display_name":"Scale-space segmentation","score":0.47741544246673584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.4483533799648285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.38440966606140137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.36181914806365967}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191178318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2256906","display_name":"Thresholding","level":3,"score":0.77789705991745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7023723721504211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.6941275596618652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6851593852043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.6763195395469666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6280073523521423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181844469","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182270","display_name":"Raster graphics","level":2,"score":0.619238555431366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5006506443023682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65885262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7429708","display_name":"Scale-space segmentation","level":4,"score":0.47741544246673584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.4483533799648285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.38440966606140137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.36181914806365967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.1987.4767981","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.1987.4767981","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:21869436","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21869436","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W112259172","https://openalex.org/W1537482913","https://openalex.org/W1983623515","https://openalex.org/W2009667652","https://openalex.org/W2013573118","https://openalex.org/W2021511865","https://openalex.org/W2022449060","https://openalex.org/W2033849769","https://openalex.org/W2067688310","https://openalex.org/W2069610368","https://openalex.org/W2080916011","https://openalex.org/W2117559445","https://openalex.org/W2625983610","https://openalex.org/W4206816395","https://openalex.org/W4231057059","https://openalex.org/W6739544104"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2138983844","https://openalex.org/W1968965685","https://openalex.org/W2012792772","https://openalex.org/W2356573839","https://openalex.org/W2111883783","https://openalex.org/W2009028679","https://openalex.org/W2357424838","https://openalex.org/W2356903262","https://openalex.org/W2185902295","https://openalex.org/W4237142086"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"thresholding":[1],"technique":[2],"is":[3,42],"developed":[4],"for":[5],"segmenting":[6],"digital":[7],"images":[8],"with":[9],"bimodal":[10],"reflectance":[11],"distributions":[12],"under":[13],"nonuniform":[14],"illumination.":[15],"The":[16,36],"algorithm":[17,41],"works":[18],"in":[19,30],"a":[20,43,48],"raster":[21],"format,":[22],"thus":[23],"making":[24],"it":[25],"an":[26],"attractive":[27],"segmentation":[28],"tool":[29],"situations":[31],"requiring":[32],"fast":[33],"data":[34],"throughput.":[35],"theoretical":[37],"base":[38],"of":[39,47],"the":[40],"recursive":[44],"Taylor":[45],"expansion":[46],"continuously":[49],"varying":[50],"threshold":[51],"tracking":[52],"function.":[53]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-04T09:10:02.777135","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}