{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2078085827","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.1986.4767852","title":"On Detecting Edges","display_name":"On Detecting Edges","publication_year":1986,"publication_date":"1986-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2078085827","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.1986.4767852","mag":"2078085827","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21869366"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.1986.4767852","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.1986.4767852","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112212595","display_name":"Vishvjit S. Nalwa","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Vishvjit S. Nalwa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Artificial Intelligence Laboratory and the Information Systems Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Artificial Intelligence Laboratory and the Information Systems Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054540673","display_name":"Thomas O. Binford","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas O. Binford","raw_affiliation_strings":["Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, University of Stanford, Stanford, CA, USA","Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, University of Stanford, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5112212595"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":20.6143,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":435,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99502625,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"PAMI-8","issue":"6","first_page":"699","last_page":"714"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12549","display_name":"Image and Object Detection Techniques","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subpixel-rendering","display_name":"Subpixel rendering","score":0.8857934474945068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-detection","display_name":"Edge detection","score":0.6266241073608398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/piecewise","display_name":"Piecewise","score":0.6050467491149902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.5377557277679443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5376890897750854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operator","display_name":"Operator (biology)","score":0.523161768913269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.47944870591163635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4741251468658447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/canny-edge-detector","display_name":"Canny edge detector","score":0.47206905484199524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discontinuity","display_name":"Discontinuity (linguistics)","score":0.46402671933174133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.4635310471057892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.4350854158401489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deriche-edge-detector","display_name":"Deriche edge detector","score":0.43022799491882324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4236331284046173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/piecewise-linear-function","display_name":"Piecewise linear function","score":0.4167899191379547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.38455501198768616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.3558599352836609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.2730438709259033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.2520933747291565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.24264070391654968}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68516990","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q452912","display_name":"Subpixel rendering","level":3,"score":0.8857934474945068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193536780","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1513153","display_name":"Edge detection","level":4,"score":0.6266241073608398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164660894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2037833","display_name":"Piecewise","level":2,"score":0.6050467491149902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.5377557277679443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5376890897750854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17020691","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q139677","display_name":"Operator (biology)","level":5,"score":0.523161768913269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.47944870591163635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4741251468658447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14705441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q597183","display_name":"Canny edge detector","level":5,"score":0.47206905484199524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777042112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5281658","display_name":"Discontinuity (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.46402671933174133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.4635310471057892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.4350854158401489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167074055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5262565","display_name":"Deriche edge detector","level":5,"score":0.43022799491882324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4236331284046173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17095337","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2375229","display_name":"Piecewise linear function","level":2,"score":0.4167899191379547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.38455501198768616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.3558599352836609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.2730438709259033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2520933747291565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.24264070391654968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86339819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q407384","display_name":"Transcription factor","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158448853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q425218","display_name":"Repressor","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.1986.4767852","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.1986.4767852","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:21869366","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21869366","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.800000011920929}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W26725075","https://openalex.org/W301491600","https://openalex.org/W1658472922","https://openalex.org/W1756736144","https://openalex.org/W1985053969","https://openalex.org/W1991428508","https://openalex.org/W2003370853","https://openalex.org/W2005422051","https://openalex.org/W2028750032","https://openalex.org/W2038584908","https://openalex.org/W2073974819","https://openalex.org/W2078085827","https://openalex.org/W2078187167","https://openalex.org/W2082177474","https://openalex.org/W2095364258","https://openalex.org/W2113511941","https://openalex.org/W2164507445","https://openalex.org/W4233622498","https://openalex.org/W4251530686"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4383560164","https://openalex.org/W3187620282","https://openalex.org/W2379325710","https://openalex.org/W2064887461","https://openalex.org/W2374313089","https://openalex.org/W2359742209","https://openalex.org/W2763966779","https://openalex.org/W4368362586","https://openalex.org/W4308691233","https://openalex.org/W2378306319"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"edge":[1],"in":[2,9,68],"an":[3,92,134],"image":[4],"corresponds":[5],"to":[6,43,47,54,119,144,147,189],"a":[7,22,36,39,49,165,170,174],"discontinuity":[8],"the":[10,14,59,63,69,75,96,104,107,182],"intensity":[11],"surface":[12,80],"of":[13,27,51,58,112,167],"underlying":[15],"scene.":[16],"It":[17],"can":[18],"be":[19,145],"approximated":[20],"by":[21,35,154],"piecewise":[23],"straight":[24],"curve":[25],"composed":[26],"edgels,":[28],"i.e.,":[29],"short,":[30],"linear":[31],"edgeelements,":[32],"each":[33,55],"characterized":[34],"direction":[37],"and":[38,61,73,98,106,133,160,192],"position.":[40],"The":[41,89,109,178],"approach":[42],"edgel-detection":[44],"here,":[45],"is":[46,66,81,84,91,115,142,164,185],"fit":[48],"series":[50],"one-dimensional":[52,79],"surfaces":[53],"window":[56],"(kernel":[57],"operator)":[60],"accept":[62],"surfacedescription":[64],"which":[65,83],"adequate":[67,93,102],"least":[70],"squares":[71],"sense":[72],"has":[74,126],"fewest":[76],"parameters.":[77],"(A":[78],"one":[82],"constant":[85],"along":[86],"some":[87,155],"direction.)":[88],"tanh":[90],"basis":[94],"for":[95,103,121],"step-edge":[97],"its":[99],"combinations":[100],"are":[101,152],"roof-edge":[105],"line-edge.":[108],"proposed":[110,183],"method":[111],"step-edgel":[113],"detection":[114],"robust":[116],"with":[117,173,187],"respect":[118,188],"noise;":[120],"(step-size/noise)":[122],">":[123],"2.5,":[124],"it":[125,141],"subpixel":[127],"position":[128],"localization":[129,136],"(position":[130],"<":[131],"3)":[132],"angular":[135],"better":[137],"than":[138],"100;":[139],"further,":[140],"designed":[143],"insensitive":[146],"smooth":[148],"shading.":[149],"These":[150],"results":[151,179],"demonstrated":[153],"simple":[156],"analysis,":[157],"statistical":[158],"data,":[159],"edgel-images.":[161],"Also":[162],"included":[163],"comparison":[166],"performance":[168],"on":[169],"real":[171],"image,":[172],"typical":[175],"operator":[176,184],"(Difference-of-Gaussians).":[177],"indicate":[180],"that":[181],"superior":[186],"detection,":[190],"localization,":[191],"resolution.":[193]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-05-02T08:42:23.175194","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}