{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2164583551","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.1986.4767772","title":"ANGY: A Rule-Based Expert System for Automatic Segmentation of Coronary Vessels From Digital Subtracted Angiograms","display_name":"ANGY: A Rule-Based Expert System for Automatic Segmentation of Coronary Vessels From Digital Subtracted Angiograms","publication_year":1986,"publication_date":"1986-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2164583551","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.1986.4767772","mag":"2164583551","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21869337"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.1986.4767772","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.1986.4767772","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111990919","display_name":"Sharon Stansfield","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sharon A. Stansfield","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104","Department of Computer Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5111990919"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.6833,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":164,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97299281,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"PAMI-8","issue":"2","first_page":"188","last_page":"199"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":0.930899977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":0.930899977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10052","display_name":"Medical Image Segmentation Techniques","score":0.926800012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9079999923706055,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preprocessor","display_name":"Preprocessor","score":0.7704828381538391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7544635534286499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expert-system","display_name":"Expert system","score":0.669748842716217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6606694459915161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.6476804614067078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lisp","display_name":"Lisp","score":0.6469977498054504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.5686340928077698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5332903861999512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.532168447971344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4487723410129547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.4318167567253113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain-knowledge","display_name":"Domain knowledge","score":0.42543038725852966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.41035377979278564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.23442992568016052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.07934680581092834}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34736171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918333","display_name":"Preprocessor","level":2,"score":0.7704828381538391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7544635534286499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58328972","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184609","display_name":"Expert system","level":2,"score":0.669748842716217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6606694459915161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.6476804614067078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190883126","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132874","display_name":"Lisp","level":2,"score":0.6469977498054504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.5686340928077698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5332903861999512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.532168447971344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4487723410129547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.4318167567253113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207685749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2088941","display_name":"Domain knowledge","level":2,"score":0.42543038725852966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.41035377979278564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.23442992568016052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.07934680581092834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.1986.4767772","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.1986.4767772","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:21869337","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21869337","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W85352232","https://openalex.org/W105323553","https://openalex.org/W308566716","https://openalex.org/W648002808","https://openalex.org/W1622620102","https://openalex.org/W2016148564","https://openalex.org/W2019831869","https://openalex.org/W2085540354","https://openalex.org/W2114532873","https://openalex.org/W2294623383","https://openalex.org/W4211039335","https://openalex.org/W4245120305","https://openalex.org/W6603501727","https://openalex.org/W6604230380"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1570558224","https://openalex.org/W1766793284","https://openalex.org/W2294112532","https://openalex.org/W2004743631","https://openalex.org/W2370562360","https://openalex.org/W4251355525","https://openalex.org/W2071890153","https://openalex.org/W2104984681","https://openalex.org/W2266918573","https://openalex.org/W2064889208"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"details":[2],"the":[3,14,26,32,64,68,73,77,95,154,158,177,183],"design":[4],"and":[5,30,52,67,108,113,133,140,148,150,171,179,194],"implementation":[6],"of":[7,16,25,94,130,168],"ANGY,":[8],"a":[9,21,91,127,165],"rule-based":[10,107],"expert":[11,74,104],"system":[12,58,105],"in":[13,47,72,85,111,182],"domain":[15],"medical":[17,162],"image":[18,81,123],"processing.":[19],"Given":[20],"subtracted":[22],"digital":[23],"angiogram":[24],"chest,":[27],"ANGY":[28],"identifies":[29,188],"isolates":[31],"coronary":[33],"vessels,":[34],"while":[35],"ignoring":[36],"any":[37],"nonvessel":[38],"structures":[39],"which":[40,191],"may":[41],"have":[42],"arisen":[43],"from":[44],"noise,":[45],"variations":[46],"background":[48],"contrast,":[49],"imperfect":[50],"subtraction,":[51],"irrelevent":[53],"anatomical":[54],"detail.":[55],"The":[56,103,121,160],"overall":[57],"is":[59,106,109,116],"modularized":[60],"into":[61,118],"three":[62],"stages:":[63,120],"preprocessing":[65,78],"stage":[66,125,163],"two":[69,119,185],"stages":[70],"embodied":[71],"itself.":[75],"In":[76],"stage,":[79],"low-level":[80,122],"processing":[82,124],"routines":[83,99],"written":[84,110],"C":[86],"are":[87,100,192],"used":[88],"to":[89,152,176],"create":[90],"segmented":[92],"representation":[93],"input":[96],"image.":[97],"These":[98],"applied":[101],"sequentially.":[102],"OPS5":[112],"LISP.":[114],"It":[115],"separated":[117],"embodies":[126,164],"domain-independent":[128],"knowledge":[129,167,175],"segmentation,":[131],"grouping,":[132],"shape":[134],"analysis.":[135],"Working":[136],"with":[137],"both":[138],"edges":[139],"regions,":[141],"it":[142,187],"determines":[143],"such":[144],"relations":[145,180],"as":[146],"parallel":[147],"adjacent":[149],"attempts":[151],"refine":[153],"segmentation":[155],"begun":[156],"by":[157],"preprocessing.":[159],"high-level":[161],"domain-dependent":[166],"cardiac":[169],"anatomy":[170],"physiology.":[172],"Applying":[173],"this":[174],"objects":[178,190],"determined":[181],"preceding":[184],"stages,":[186],"those":[189],"vessels":[193],"eliminates":[195],"all":[196],"others.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-21T08:09:41.155169","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}