{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1992030530","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.1985.4767647","title":"On the Comparison of Conceptual Clustering and Numerical Taxonomy","display_name":"On the Comparison of Conceptual Clustering and Numerical Taxonomy","publication_year":1985,"publication_date":"1985-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1992030530","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.1985.4767647","mag":"1992030530","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21869260"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.1985.4767647","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.1985.4767647","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109171483","display_name":"M. B. Dale","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1292875679","display_name":"Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation","ror":"https://ror.org/03qn8fb07","country_code":"AU","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Michael B. Dale","raw_affiliation_strings":["CSIRO Division of Computing Research, St. Lucia, Australia 4067"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CSIRO Division of Computing Research, St. Lucia, Australia 4067","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5109171483"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77137486,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"PAMI-7","issue":"2","first_page":"241","last_page":"244"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11269","display_name":"Algorithms and Data Compression","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11269","display_name":"Algorithms and Data Compression","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10637","display_name":"Advanced Clustering Algorithms Research","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10538","display_name":"Data Mining Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.77265465259552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conceptual-clustering","display_name":"Conceptual clustering","score":0.7711661458015442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6703472137451172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hierarchical-clustering","display_name":"Hierarchical clustering","score":0.5405489802360535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.528060257434845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.4841221272945404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/standardization","display_name":"Standardization","score":0.4771016240119934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coding","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","score":0.4549299478530884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.36143893003463745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3364577293395996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-clustering","display_name":"Fuzzy clustering","score":0.2723226547241211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.23411908745765686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/canopy-clustering-algorithm","display_name":"Canopy clustering algorithm","score":0.1804175078868866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.12932398915290833}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.77265465259552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39235581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5158434","display_name":"Conceptual clustering","level":5,"score":0.7711661458015442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6703472137451172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92835128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1277447","display_name":"Hierarchical clustering","level":3,"score":0.5405489802360535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.528060257434845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4841221272945404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188087704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q369577","display_name":"Standardization","level":2,"score":0.4771016240119934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.4549299478530884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.36143893003463745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3364577293395996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17212007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5511111","display_name":"Fuzzy clustering","level":3,"score":0.2723226547241211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.23411908745765686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104047586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5033439","display_name":"Canopy clustering algorithm","level":4,"score":0.1804175078868866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.12932398915290833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.1985.4767647","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.1985.4767647","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:21869260","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21869260","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W577239568","https://openalex.org/W1983578017","https://openalex.org/W1984282568","https://openalex.org/W1995872006","https://openalex.org/W2007995029","https://openalex.org/W2016381774","https://openalex.org/W2023173919","https://openalex.org/W2025004343","https://openalex.org/W2026228446","https://openalex.org/W2036328877","https://openalex.org/W2037591014","https://openalex.org/W2059492426","https://openalex.org/W2075500727","https://openalex.org/W2079935600","https://openalex.org/W2122690888","https://openalex.org/W2294059461","https://openalex.org/W2312890204","https://openalex.org/W2314578762","https://openalex.org/W2319658765","https://openalex.org/W2323570151","https://openalex.org/W2325606763","https://openalex.org/W4242399520","https://openalex.org/W4252962411"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2765274327","https://openalex.org/W2185330350","https://openalex.org/W4243089816","https://openalex.org/W2964040819","https://openalex.org/W2575198468","https://openalex.org/W4366850523","https://openalex.org/W4313529667","https://openalex.org/W4322720815","https://openalex.org/W2607137685","https://openalex.org/W4322720812"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Conceptual":[0],"clustering":[1,135],"requires":[2],"that":[3,27,44,96],"clusters":[4],"formed":[5],"in":[6,12,17,50,125,140],"the":[7,18,28,57,98,105,115,120,143,146],"process":[8],"shall":[9],"be":[10,71,130,150],"definable":[11],"terms":[13],"of":[14,40,47,93,145],"simple":[15],"formulas":[16],"predicate":[19],"calculus.":[20],"Michalski":[21,63],"and":[22,59,64,68,87],"Stepp":[23,65],"[1]":[24],"have":[25],"argued":[26],"results":[29,58,99,116],"obtained":[30],"with":[31,84],"this":[32,55],"method":[33,147],"are":[34,66,81,111],"clearly":[35],"superior":[36],"to":[37,70,75,101,113,132],"traditional":[38,121],"methods":[39],"numerical":[41,126],"classification,":[42],"so":[43],"an":[45,137],"order":[46],"magnitude":[48],"degradation":[49,139],"performance":[51],"is":[52],"acceptable.":[53],"In":[54,118],"paper":[56],"comparisons":[60],"presented":[61],"by":[62],"reviewed":[67],"shown":[69],"less":[72],"than":[73],"adequate":[74],"support":[76],"such":[77],"a":[78],"conclusion.":[79],"There":[80],"considerable":[82],"problems":[83],"data":[85],"coding":[86],"standardization,":[88],"as":[89,91,152],"well":[90],"choice":[92],"similarity":[94],"measure,":[95],"make":[97],"difficult":[100],"evaluate.":[102],"Even":[103],"accepting":[104],"clusters,":[106],"two":[107],"different":[108],"valorizing":[109],"schemes":[110],"used":[112],"evaluate":[114],"obtained.":[117],"addition,":[119],"agglomerative":[122],"algorithm":[123],"employed":[124],"classification":[127],"procedures":[128],"can":[129,148],"adapted":[131],"perform":[133],"conceptual":[134],"without":[136],"enormous":[138],"performance.":[141],"However,":[142],"value":[144],"only":[149],"regarded":[151],"unproven.":[153]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-02-24T19:35:01.260952","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}