{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2035459724","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.1984.4767502","title":"Edge Location to Subpixel Values in Digital Imagery","display_name":"Edge Location to Subpixel Values in Digital Imagery","publication_year":1984,"publication_date":"1984-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2035459724","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.1984.4767502","mag":"2035459724","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21869182"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.1984.4767502","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.1984.4767502","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045236189","display_name":"A. Tabatabai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali J. Tabatabai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 49707; Bell Laboratories, Holmdel, NJ 07733","Bell Laboratories, Holmdel, NJ 07733","School of Electrical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 49707"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 49707; Bell Laboratories, Holmdel, NJ 07733","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bell Laboratories, Holmdel, NJ 07733","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 49707","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113586886","display_name":"O.R. Mitchell","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"O. Robert Mitchell","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette. IN 47907"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette. IN 47907","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.2419,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":310,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9146434,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"PAMI-6","issue":"2","first_page":"188","last_page":"201"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10052","display_name":"Medical Image Segmentation Techniques","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10052","display_name":"Medical Image Segmentation Techniques","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12923","display_name":"Digital Image Processing Techniques","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subpixel-rendering","display_name":"Subpixel rendering","score":0.9442194700241089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sobel-operator","display_name":"Sobel operator","score":0.8112853169441223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deriche-edge-detector","display_name":"Deriche edge detector","score":0.7290400266647339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/canny-edge-detector","display_name":"Canny edge detector","score":0.7190712690353394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-detection","display_name":"Edge detection","score":0.7181386351585388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.5127030611038208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.5008234977722168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4476121664047241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.4450471103191376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4372517764568329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.43116945028305054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.35931146144866943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.32468271255493164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.27879297733306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.1416831612586975}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68516990","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q452912","display_name":"Subpixel rendering","level":3,"score":0.9442194700241089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30703548","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1757673","display_name":"Sobel operator","level":5,"score":0.8112853169441223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167074055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5262565","display_name":"Deriche edge detector","level":5,"score":0.7290400266647339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14705441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q597183","display_name":"Canny edge detector","level":5,"score":0.7190712690353394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193536780","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1513153","display_name":"Edge detection","level":4,"score":0.7181386351585388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.5127030611038208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.5008234977722168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4476121664047241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4450471103191376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4372517764568329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.43116945028305054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.35931146144866943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.32468271255493164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.27879297733306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.1416831612586975}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.1984.4767502","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.1984.4767502","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:21869182","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21869182","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1567143020","https://openalex.org/W1622620102","https://openalex.org/W1643174986","https://openalex.org/W1964464424","https://openalex.org/W1971091026","https://openalex.org/W2028750032","https://openalex.org/W2038584908","https://openalex.org/W2040071026","https://openalex.org/W2040899664","https://openalex.org/W2067953144","https://openalex.org/W2084134149","https://openalex.org/W2089269779","https://openalex.org/W2133380293","https://openalex.org/W2135879701","https://openalex.org/W2168932899","https://openalex.org/W2317581969","https://openalex.org/W2319345516","https://openalex.org/W2595403632","https://openalex.org/W4254563424","https://openalex.org/W4298446670","https://openalex.org/W4302083518"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2157949623","https://openalex.org/W2034489111","https://openalex.org/W2187440300","https://openalex.org/W2385288006","https://openalex.org/W2379325710","https://openalex.org/W2371855755","https://openalex.org/W2359742209","https://openalex.org/W2763966779","https://openalex.org/W2364199739","https://openalex.org/W2378306319"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"new":[1,103],"method":[2,70],"for":[3],"locating":[4],"edges":[5],"in":[6,21,89,122],"digital":[7],"data":[8,23,37],"to":[9,16,35,50,73,84],"subpixel":[10],"values":[11],"and":[12,18,113,118,124],"which":[13],"is":[14,24,33,42,48,57,71,82,91,110,114],"invariant":[15],"additive":[17,64],"multiplicative":[19],"changes":[20],"the":[22,36,45,51,58,61,94,102],"presented.":[25],"For":[26],"one-dimensional":[27],"edge":[28,32,46,67,76,97,104,108,120],"patterns":[29,77],"an":[30,86,107],"ideal":[31],"fit":[34],"by":[38],"matching":[39],"moments.":[40],"It":[41],"shown":[43],"that":[44],"location":[47],"related":[49],"so-called":[52],"``Christoffel":[53],"numbers.''":[54],"Also":[55],"presented":[56],"study":[59],"of":[60,63,101,126],"effect":[62],"noise":[65],"on":[66],"location.":[68],"The":[69],"extended":[72],"include":[74],"two-dimensional":[75],"where":[78],"a":[79],"line":[80],"equation":[81],"derived":[83],"locate":[85],"edge.":[87],"This":[88],"turn":[90],"compared":[92,115],"with":[93,116],"standard":[95],"Hueckel":[96,119],"operator.":[98],"An":[99],"application":[100],"operator":[105],"as":[106],"detector":[109],"also":[111],"provided":[112],"Sobel":[117],"detectors":[121],"presence":[123],"absence":[125],"noise.":[127]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":11}],"updated_date":"2026-07-27T08:26:11.824852","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
