{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7165151880","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ton.2026.3704690","title":"Traffic Shadowing: A Global Investigation of Internet Traffic Observation and User Data Reutilization","display_name":"Traffic Shadowing: A Global Investigation of Internet Traffic Observation and User Data Reutilization","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7165151880","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ton.2026.3704690"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ton.2026.3704690","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ton.2026.3704690","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407042750","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Networking","issn_l":"2998-4157","issn":["2998-4157"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024471484","display_name":"Yunpeng Xing","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8677-7629"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunpeng Xing","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Network Sciences and Cyberspace, BNRist, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8677-7629","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Network Sciences and Cyberspace, BNRist, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040912987","display_name":"Chaoyi Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3512-7612"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chaoyi Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhongguancun Laboratory, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3512-7612","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhongguancun Laboratory, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101694986","display_name":"Baojun Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9032-8063"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Baojun Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Network Sciences and Cyberspace, BNRist, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9032-8063","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Network Sciences and Cyberspace, BNRist, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077244090","display_name":"Ruixuan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0729-9661"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruixuan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Network Sciences and Cyberspace, BNRist, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0729-9661","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Network Sciences and Cyberspace, BNRist, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067799841","display_name":"Haixin Duan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0083-733X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haixin Duan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Network Sciences and Cyberspace, BNRist, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0083-733X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Network Sciences and Cyberspace, BNRist, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79819647,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"34","issue":null,"first_page":"5970","last_page":"5984"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10138","display_name":"Network Traffic and Congestion Control","score":0.5063999891281128,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10138","display_name":"Network Traffic and Congestion Control","score":0.5063999891281128,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.1257999986410141,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11980","display_name":"Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis","score":0.03869999945163727,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.5454000234603882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-collection","display_name":"Data collection","score":0.3578000068664551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-traffic","display_name":"Internet traffic","score":0.314300000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-access","display_name":"Internet access","score":0.24330000579357147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/user-interface","display_name":"User interface","score":0.23849999904632568}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.5454000234603882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5442000031471252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133462117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4929239","display_name":"Data collection","level":2,"score":0.3578000068664551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63969886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3536440","display_name":"Internet traffic","level":3,"score":0.314300000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.2782999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.2551000118255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.2485000044107437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83849155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1472399","display_name":"Internet access","level":3,"score":0.24330000579357147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89505385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47146","display_name":"User interface","level":2,"score":0.23849999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186967261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5082128","display_name":"Mobile device","level":2,"score":0.23600000143051147}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ton.2026.3704690","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ton.2026.3704690","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407042750","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Networking","issn_l":"2998-4157","issn":["2998-4157"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4259928007","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62102218","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-09T05:49:46.723101","created_date":"2026-06-19T00:00:00"}