{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7160157263","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ton.2026.3690076","title":"Distilling Large Language Models for Network Active Queue Management","display_name":"Distilling Large Language Models for Network Active Queue Management","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7160157263","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ton.2026.3690076"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ton.2026.3690076","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ton.2026.3690076","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407042750","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Networking","issn_l":"2998-4157","issn":["2998-4157"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038446422","display_name":"Shiva Raj Pokhrel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5819-765X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149704539","display_name":"Deakin University","ror":"https://ror.org/02czsnj07","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shiva Raj Pokhrel","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of IT, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5819-765X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of IT, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110286045","display_name":"Deol Satish","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149704539","display_name":"Deakin University","ror":"https://ror.org/02czsnj07","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deol Satish","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of IT, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of IT, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060462225","display_name":"Jonathan Kua","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9699-9418"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149704539","display_name":"Deakin University","ror":"https://ror.org/02czsnj07","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonathan Kua","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of IT, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9699-9418","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of IT, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135217917","display_name":"Anwar Walid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1992-6068"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1330347796","display_name":"United States Department of Defense","ror":"https://ror.org/0447fe631","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330347796"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anwar Walid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Defense Unicorns, Colorado Springs, CO, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1992-6068","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Defense Unicorns, Colorado Springs, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330347796"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.52313158,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"34","issue":null,"first_page":"5501","last_page":"5513"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.46000000834465027,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.46000000834465027,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12203","display_name":"Mobile Agent-Based Network Management","score":0.07649999856948853,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10138","display_name":"Network Traffic and Congestion Control","score":0.0414000004529953,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/queue","display_name":"Queue","score":0.3167000114917755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.2727999985218048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.2630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-modeling","display_name":"Data modeling","score":0.2533999979496002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/active-queue-management","display_name":"Active queue management","score":0.24549999833106995}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7031000256538391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.31769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160403385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220543","display_name":"Queue","level":2,"score":0.3167000114917755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.31529998779296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.287200003862381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2727999985218048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.2630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.2533999979496002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34793927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q583367","display_name":"Active queue management","level":4,"score":0.24549999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.24320000410079956}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ton.2026.3690076","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ton.2026.3690076","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407042750","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Networking","issn_l":"2998-4157","issn":["2998-4157"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,124],"propose":[1],"AQM-LLM,":[2],"a":[3,64,76,85,91],"framework":[4],"that":[5,21,67,80,96,126],"distills":[6],"Large":[7],"Language":[8],"Models":[9],"for":[10,117,152],"Active":[11],"Queue":[12],"Management":[13],"in":[14,84],"modern":[15],"networks.":[16],"Unlike":[17],"conventional":[18],"learning-based":[19],"AQMs":[20],"require":[22,140],"extensive":[23],"feature":[24],"engineering":[25],"and":[26,47,89,113,120,149],"struggle":[27],"with":[28,52],"dynamic":[29],"conditions,":[30],"our":[31],"approach":[32],"leverages":[33],"the":[34,42],"contextual":[35],"reasoning":[36],"capability":[37],"of":[38],"LLMs":[39],"to":[40],"enhance":[41],"Low":[43,45],"Latency,":[44],"Loss,":[46],"Scalable":[48],"Throughput":[49],"(L4S)":[50],"architecture":[51],"minimal":[53],"manual":[54],"intervention.":[55],"The":[56],"L4S-LLM":[57,78],"design":[58],"introduces":[59],"three":[60],"key":[61],"components:":[62],"(i)":[63],"state":[65],"encoder":[66],"transforms":[68],"heterogeneous":[69],"network":[70],"telemetry":[71],"into":[72],"token":[73],"embeddings,":[74],"(ii)":[75],"specialized":[77],"head":[79],"produces":[81],"congestion":[82],"actions":[83],"single":[86],"inference":[87],"step,":[88],"(iii)":[90],"data-driven":[92],"Low-Rank":[93],"Adaptation":[94],"scheme":[95],"drastically":[97],"reduces":[98],"trainable":[99],"parameters":[100],"while":[101],"preserving":[102],"accuracy.":[103],"Our":[104],"open-source":[105],"FreeBSD-14":[106],"implementation":[107],"demonstrates":[108,129],"improved":[109],"queue":[110],"delay":[111],"stability":[112],"higher":[114],"bandwidth":[115],"utilization":[116],"both":[118],"DCTCP":[119],"UDP":[121],"Prague":[122],"traffic.":[123],"emphasize":[125],"this":[127],"work":[128],"architectural":[130],"feasibility":[131],"through":[132],"controlled":[133],"experiments;":[134],"deployment":[135],"on":[136],"router-class":[137],"hardware":[138],"will":[139],"additional":[141],"model":[142],"optimization":[143],"(e.g.,":[144],"compression,":[145],"pruning,":[146],"or":[147],"quantization)":[148],"is":[150],"left":[151],"future":[153],"work.":[154]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T06:19:23.411458","created_date":"2026-05-05T00:00:00"}