{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7124135821","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ton.2026.3654114","title":"Incentivizing Multi-Tenant Split Federated Learning for Foundation Models at the Network Edge","display_name":"Incentivizing Multi-Tenant Split Federated Learning for Foundation Models at the Network Edge","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7124135821","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ton.2026.3654114"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ton.2026.3654114","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ton.2026.3654114","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407042750","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Networking","issn_l":"2998-4157","issn":["2998-4157"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2503.04971","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061478353","display_name":"Songyuan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8688-1026"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23923803","display_name":"University of Exeter","ror":"https://ror.org/03yghzc09","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Songyuan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8688-1026","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123007832","display_name":"Jia Hu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23923803","display_name":"University of Exeter","ror":"https://ror.org/03yghzc09","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jia Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5406-8420","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123017458","display_name":"Geyong Min","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23923803","display_name":"University of Exeter","ror":"https://ror.org/03yghzc09","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Geyong Min","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1395-7314","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053579397","display_name":"Haojun Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4154-8529"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haojun Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information and Communications, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4154-8529","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information and Communications, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":12.1051,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95990474,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"34","issue":null,"first_page":"3303","last_page":"3318"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9341999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9341999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.005900000222027302,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14347","display_name":"Big Data and Digital Economy","score":0.00570000009611249,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stackelberg-competition","display_name":"Stackelberg competition","score":0.8147000074386597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/downstream","display_name":"Downstream (manufacturing)","score":0.6000000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-device","display_name":"Edge device","score":0.535099983215332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.5288000106811523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/incentive","display_name":"Incentive","score":0.5011000037193298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergence","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","score":0.4189999997615814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.39329999685287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foundation","display_name":"Foundation (evidence)","score":0.38749998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modalities","display_name":"Modalities","score":0.37599998712539673}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199510392","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1184602","display_name":"Stackelberg competition","level":2,"score":0.8147000074386597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7710000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776207758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5303302","display_name":"Downstream (manufacturing)","level":2,"score":0.6000000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138236772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25098575","display_name":"Edge device","level":3,"score":0.535099983215332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.5288000106811523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29122968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414816","display_name":"Incentive","level":2,"score":0.5011000037193298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.46860000491142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.4189999997615814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.39329999685287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780966255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5474306","display_name":"Foundation (evidence)","level":2,"score":0.38749998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779903281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888026","display_name":"Modalities","level":2,"score":0.37599998712539673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.35589998960494995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.35339999198913574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97931131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282087","display_name":"Discriminative model","level":2,"score":0.3529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126831891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221673","display_name":"Host (biology)","level":2,"score":0.3440999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992525071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50818671","display_name":"Federated learning","level":2,"score":0.33379998803138733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153517567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26090","display_name":"Mechanism design","level":2,"score":0.3188000023365021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20136886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749647","display_name":"Interoperability","level":2,"score":0.31630000472068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3034999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.2824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167966045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532625","display_name":"Generative model","level":3,"score":0.2777000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191172861","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7899321","display_name":"Upstream (networking)","level":2,"score":0.26840001344680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.26409998536109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177142836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44455","display_name":"Game theory","level":2,"score":0.2572999894618988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2164484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5170150","display_name":"Core (optical fiber)","level":2,"score":0.25529998540878296}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ton.2026.3654114","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ton.2026.3654114","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407042750","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Networking","issn_l":"2998-4157","issn":["2998-4157"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2503.04971","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2503.04971","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2503.04971","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2503.04971","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2503.04971","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2503.04971","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1105131427","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"101129910","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334322","funder_display_name":"HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334322","display_name":"HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Foundation":[0],"models":[1],"(FMs)":[2],"such":[3],"as":[4,185],"GPT-4":[5],"exhibit":[6],"exceptional":[7],"generative":[8],"capabilities":[9],"across":[10,213],"diverse":[11,214],"downstream":[12,51,83],"tasks":[13],"through":[14],"fine-tuning.":[15,39,133],"Split":[16],"Federated":[17],"Learning":[18],"(SFL)":[19],"facilitates":[20],"privacy-preserving":[21],"FM":[22,31,91,95,132,169,225],"fine-tuning":[23,92,100,226,238],"on":[24,58],"resource-constrained":[25],"local":[26,77],"devices":[27,78,167],"by":[28,150,227],"offloading":[29],"partial":[30],"computations":[32],"to":[33,48,73,120,145,161,168,229,232],"edge":[34,41],"servers,":[35],"enabling":[36],"device-edge":[37],"synergistic":[38],"Practical":[40],"networks":[42],"often":[43],"host":[44],"multiple":[45,117],"SFL":[46,60,88,118,141,158,177,195,205],"tenants":[47,119],"support":[49],"diversified":[50],"tasks.":[52],"However,":[53],"existing":[54],"research":[55],"primarily":[56],"focuses":[57],"single-tenant":[59],"scenarios,":[61],"and":[62,99,211,219],"lacks":[63],"tailored":[64],"incentive":[65,174,198],"mechanisms":[66],"for":[67,79,130,189],"multi-tenant":[68],"settings,":[69],"which":[70,125],"are":[71,102],"essential":[72],"effectively":[74],"coordinate":[75],"self-interested":[76],"participation":[80,129],"in":[81],"various":[82],"tasks,":[84],"ensuring":[85],"that":[86,115,222],"each":[87,194],"tenant\u2019s":[89,196],"distinct":[90],"requirements":[93],"(e.g.,":[94],"types,":[96],"performance":[97,170,239],"targets,":[98],"deadlines)":[101],"met.":[103],"To":[104],"address":[105],"this":[106],"gap,":[107],"we":[108,135,180],"propose":[109],"a":[110,138,156,186],"novel":[111],"Price-Incentive":[112],"Mechanism":[113],"(PRINCE)":[114],"guides":[116],"offer":[121],"strategic":[122],"price":[123],"incentives,":[124],"solicit":[126],"high-quality":[127],"device":[128,152,183],"efficient":[131],"Specifically,":[134],"first":[136],"develop":[137],"bias-resilient":[139],"global":[140],"model":[142,147,181],"aggregation":[143],"scheme":[144],"eliminate":[146],"biases":[148],"caused":[149],"independent":[151],"participation.We":[153],"then":[154],"derive":[155],"rigorous":[157],"convergence":[159],"bound":[160],"evaluate":[162],"the":[163,173],"contributions":[164],"of":[165,176],"heterogeneous":[166],"improvements,":[171],"guiding":[172],"strategies":[175],"tenants.":[178],"Furthermore,":[179],"inter-tenant":[182],"competition":[184],"congestion":[187],"game":[188],"Stackelberg":[190],"equilibrium(SE)":[191],"analysis,":[192],"deriving":[193],"optimal":[197],"strategy.":[199],"Extensive":[200],"simulations":[201],"involving":[202],"four":[203],"representative":[204],"tenant":[206],"types":[207],"(ViT,":[208],"BERT,":[209],"Whisper,":[210],"LLaMA)":[212],"data":[215],"modalities":[216],"(text,":[217],"images,":[218],"audio)":[220],"demonstrate":[221],"PRINCE":[223],"accelerates":[224],"up":[228],"3.07x":[230],"compared":[231],"state-of-the-art":[233],"approaches,":[234],"while":[235],"consistently":[236],"meeting":[237],"targets.":[240]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-02-20T06:14:18.993340","created_date":"2026-01-15T00:00:00"}
