{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7118931732","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ton.2026.3651376","title":"NegotiaToR: Toward a Simple Yet Effective On-Demand Reconfigurable Datacenter Network","display_name":"NegotiaToR: Toward a Simple Yet Effective On-Demand Reconfigurable Datacenter Network","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7118931732","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ton.2026.3651376"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ton.2026.3651376","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ton.2026.3651376","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407042750","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Networking","issn_l":"2998-4157","issn":["2998-4157"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Cong Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9362-3969"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Cong Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9362-3969","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104217166","display_name":"Xiangli Song","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiangli Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7457-4370","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jing Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1661-0036"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1661-0036","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122178102","display_name":"Rui Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0478-7787","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001919662","display_name":"Mowei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9085-2247"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250955327","display_name":"Huawei Technologies (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00cmhce21","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mowei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huawei Technologies Company Ltd., Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9085-2247","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huawei Technologies Company Ltd., Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027728061","display_name":"Yashe Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6436-5875"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250955327","display_name":"Huawei Technologies (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00cmhce21","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yashe Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huawei Technologies Company Ltd., Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6436-5875","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huawei Technologies Company Ltd., Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102897151","display_name":"Zhenhua Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0798-9978"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250955327","display_name":"Huawei Technologies (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00cmhce21","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenhua Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huawei Technologies Company Ltd., Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0798-9978","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huawei Technologies Company Ltd., Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Shizhen Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8395-5109"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shizhen Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["John Hopcroft Center for Computer Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8395-5109","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"John Hopcroft Center for Computer Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122253810","display_name":"Yong Cui","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yong Cui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5171-739X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.02295574,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"34","issue":null,"first_page":"3075","last_page":"3090"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.4207000136375427,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.4207000136375427,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.22089999914169312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10847","display_name":"Advanced Optical Network Technologies","score":0.20010000467300415,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/goodput","display_name":"Goodput","score":0.9545999765396118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.6805999875068665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","score":0.46149998903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.4375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.42660000920295715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flow-control","display_name":"Flow control (data)","score":0.35019999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-architecture","display_name":"Systems architecture","score":0.30219998955726624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing-control-plane","display_name":"Routing control plane","score":0.29760000109672546}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94022561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172393","display_name":"Goodput","level":4,"score":0.9545999765396118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7670999765396118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.6805999875068665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5217999815940857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4702000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.46149998903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.4375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.42660000920295715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3720000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186766456","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q612457","display_name":"Flow control (data)","level":2,"score":0.35019999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98025372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q477538","display_name":"Systems architecture","level":3,"score":0.30219998955726624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145595949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7371619","display_name":"Routing control plane","level":2,"score":0.29760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114809511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1412924","display_name":"Flow network","level":2,"score":0.2962000072002411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198306430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q51823","display_name":"Synchronous optical networking","level":2,"score":0.29120001196861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.2897999882698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195563490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180368","display_name":"Network congestion","level":3,"score":0.28769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194571728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q206047","display_name":"Asynchronous Transfer Mode","level":2,"score":0.2815999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199776023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202875","display_name":"Negotiation","level":2,"score":0.2777999937534332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107568181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5319000","display_name":"Dynamic priority scheduling","level":3,"score":0.27399998903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.2694000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984822820","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1123036","display_name":"Processor scheduling","level":3,"score":0.2581999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113508815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193446","display_name":"Packet switching","level":3,"score":0.257099986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101336846","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17105111","display_name":"Optical switch","level":2,"score":0.25440001487731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55416958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6206757","display_name":"Job shop scheduling","level":3,"score":0.2524999976158142}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ton.2026.3651376","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ton.2026.3651376","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407042750","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Networking","issn_l":"2998-4157","issn":["2998-4157"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6398655746","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62272292","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7033924410","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62132009","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7488493096","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62221003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1988150362","https://openalex.org/W1988294273","https://openalex.org/W1998471240","https://openalex.org/W2016318026","https://openalex.org/W2024436451","https://openalex.org/W2025516544","https://openalex.org/W2042793787","https://openalex.org/W2087211034","https://openalex.org/W2095304416","https://openalex.org/W2097926925","https://openalex.org/W2099657323","https://openalex.org/W2111366547","https://openalex.org/W2119638333","https://openalex.org/W2124700175","https://openalex.org/W2126169247","https://openalex.org/W2151668565","https://openalex.org/W2160337042","https://openalex.org/W2164740236","https://openalex.org/W2174784067","https://openalex.org/W2486960733","https://openalex.org/W2530088943","https://openalex.org/W2743073148","https://openalex.org/W2743429249","https://openalex.org/W2744387122","https://openalex.org/W2769038759","https://openalex.org/W2794896506","https://openalex.org/W2901201384","https://openalex.org/W2947586167","https://openalex.org/W2979476487","https://openalex.org/W3003893744","https://openalex.org/W3017089570","https://openalex.org/W3036056935","https://openalex.org/W3036842075","https://openalex.org/W3046344355","https://openalex.org/W3131939918","https://openalex.org/W4200617671","https://openalex.org/W4223926670","https://openalex.org/W4284882945","https://openalex.org/W4288391344","https://openalex.org/W4290990894","https://openalex.org/W4290991419","https://openalex.org/W4307020348","https://openalex.org/W4377082523","https://openalex.org/W4380874786","https://openalex.org/W4401176374","https://openalex.org/W4401176536","https://openalex.org/W4401176556","https://openalex.org/W4401176895","https://openalex.org/W4402508041","https://openalex.org/W4413756960"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recent":[0],"advances":[1],"in":[2,8],"fast":[3],"optical":[4,28],"switching":[5],"show":[6,95],"promise":[7],"meeting":[9],"the":[10,118,134],"high":[11,106],"goodput":[12,107],"and":[13,50,78,105],"low":[14],"latency":[15],"requirements":[16],"of":[17,122,130],"datacenter":[18],"networks.":[19],"We":[20],"present":[21],"NegotiaToR,":[22,40],"a":[23,82],"simple":[24],"network":[25],"architecture":[26],"for":[27,61,85],"reconfigurable":[29,87,137],"DCNs":[30],"that":[31,96],"utilizes":[32],"on-demand":[33,86],"scheduling":[34,43,69],"to":[35,67,127],"handle":[36],"dynamic":[37],"traffic.":[38],"In":[39],"racks":[41],"exchange":[42],"messages":[44],"through":[45],"an":[46],"in-band":[47],"control":[48],"plane":[49],"distributedly":[51],"calculate":[52],"non-conflicting":[53],"paths":[54],"from":[55],"binary":[56],"traffic":[57],"demand":[58],"information.":[59],"Optimized":[60],"incasts,":[62],"it":[63],"also":[64],"provides":[65],"opportunities":[66],"bypass":[68],"delays.":[70],"NegotiaToR":[71,97],"is":[72,79,125],"compatible":[73],"with":[74],"prevalent":[75],"flat":[76,111],"topologies,":[77,112],"tailored":[80],"towards":[81],"minimalist":[83],"design":[84],"DCNs,":[88],"enhancing":[89],"practicality.":[90],"Through":[91],"large-scale":[92],"simulations,":[93],"we":[94],"achieves":[98],"both":[99],"small":[100],"mice":[101,123],"flow":[102,119],"completion":[103,120],"time":[104,121],"on":[108],"two":[109,128],"representative":[110],"especially":[113],"under":[114],"heavy":[115],"loads.":[116],"Particularly,":[117],"flows":[124],"one":[126],"orders":[129],"magnitude":[131],"better":[132],"than":[133],"state-of-the-art":[135],"traffic-oblivious":[136],"DCN":[138],"design.":[139]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-05T08:41:31.759640","created_date":"2026-01-08T00:00:00"}