{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7117297501","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ton.2025.3642008","title":"AutoRec: Accelerating Loss Recovery for Live Streaming in a Multi-Supplier Market","display_name":"AutoRec: Accelerating Loss Recovery for Live Streaming in a Multi-Supplier Market","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7117297501","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ton.2025.3642008"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ton.2025.3642008","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ton.2025.3642008","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407042750","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Networking","issn_l":"2998-4157","issn":["2998-4157"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Tong Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6805-9565"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78988378","display_name":"Renmin University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/041pakw92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78988378"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tong Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Data Engineering and Knowledge Engineering, School of Information, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Data Engineering and Knowledge Engineering, School of Information, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78988378"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xu Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8060-739X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78988378","display_name":"Renmin University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/041pakw92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78988378"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xu Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Data Engineering and Knowledge Engineering, School of Information, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Data Engineering and Knowledge Engineering, School of Information, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78988378"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121314430","display_name":"Bo Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250653659","display_name":"Tencent (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhjss72","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250653659"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cloud Architecture and Platform, Tencent Technologies, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cloud Architecture and Platform, Tencent Technologies, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250653659"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092732703","display_name":"Cheng Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0343-5874"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250653659","display_name":"Tencent (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhjss72","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250653659"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cheng Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cloud Architecture and Platform, Tencent Technologies, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cloud Architecture and Platform, Tencent Technologies, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250653659"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101534625","display_name":"Fuyu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2014-412X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250653659","display_name":"Tencent (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhjss72","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250653659"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fuyu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cloud Architecture and Platform, Tencent Technologies, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cloud Architecture and Platform, Tencent Technologies, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250653659"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jiuxiang Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3571-4723"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78988378","display_name":"Renmin University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/041pakw92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78988378"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiuxiang Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Data Engineering and Knowledge Engineering, School of Information, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Data Engineering and Knowledge Engineering, School of Information, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78988378"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056834518","display_name":"Haoyi Fang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78988378","display_name":"Renmin University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/041pakw92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78988378"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haoyi Fang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Data Engineering and Knowledge Engineering, School of Information, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Data Engineering and Knowledge Engineering, School of Information, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78988378"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076874267","display_name":"Xinle Du","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8918-9580"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinle Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121346731","display_name":"Ke Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ke Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78988378"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64781243,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"34","issue":null,"first_page":"2196","last_page":"2211"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11478","display_name":"Caching and Content Delivery","score":0.5855000019073486,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11478","display_name":"Caching and Content Delivery","score":0.5855000019073486,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10138","display_name":"Network Traffic and Congestion Control","score":0.10859999805688858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11165","display_name":"Image and Video Quality Assessment","score":0.09650000184774399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retransmission","display_name":"Retransmission","score":0.7998999953269958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.734499990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/testbed","display_name":"Testbed","score":0.7085000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/live-streaming","display_name":"Live streaming","score":0.647599995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.5239999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/packet-loss","display_name":"Packet loss","score":0.4869000017642975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-loss","display_name":"Data loss","score":0.4546000063419342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-availability","display_name":"High availability","score":0.42419999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/failover","display_name":"Failover","score":0.4187000095844269}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180611318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7316902","display_name":"Retransmission","level":3,"score":0.7998999953269958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7591000199317932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.734499990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31395832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318674","display_name":"Testbed","level":2,"score":0.7085000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776741261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3027665","display_name":"Live streaming","level":2,"score":0.647599995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5806999802589417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5239999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54108766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q391064","display_name":"Packet loss","level":3,"score":0.4869000017642975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193519340","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q891179","display_name":"Data loss","level":2,"score":0.4546000063419342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65813073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1622420","display_name":"High availability","level":2,"score":0.42419999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109751979","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q998767","display_name":"Failover","level":2,"score":0.4187000095844269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180591934","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1253369","display_name":"Downtime","level":2,"score":0.3898000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.38589999079704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986160907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220499","display_name":"Video streaming","level":2,"score":0.3531000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.33799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3327000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186967261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5082128","display_name":"Mobile device","level":2,"score":0.3091999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46637626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6693015","display_name":"Low latency (capital markets)","level":2,"score":0.3037000000476837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22927095","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1784206","display_name":"Stateful firewall","level":3,"score":0.3019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201025465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11248500","display_name":"User experience design","level":2,"score":0.29649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48677424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888088","display_name":"Mode (computer interface)","level":2,"score":0.2912999987602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.2784999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779679103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5251805","display_name":"Degradation (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.2766999900341034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.271699994802475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777131613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18394147","display_name":"Retard","level":2,"score":0.27149999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95491727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q992968","display_name":"Mobile telephony","level":3,"score":0.2709999978542328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165136773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1363179","display_name":"Single point of failure","level":2,"score":0.26010000705718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.25609999895095825}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ton.2025.3642008","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ton.2025.3642008","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407042750","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Networking","issn_l":"2998-4157","issn":["2998-4157"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2336449184","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62572473","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3527113235","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62272466","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5938670935","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62202473","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7226997889","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62441230","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1513776987","https://openalex.org/W1518923351","https://openalex.org/W1976676487","https://openalex.org/W2023702862","https://openalex.org/W2052560843","https://openalex.org/W2078408883","https://openalex.org/W2118040869","https://openalex.org/W2122136421","https://openalex.org/W2123071925","https://openalex.org/W2130934728","https://openalex.org/W2137456163","https://openalex.org/W2143594422","https://openalex.org/W2153623795","https://openalex.org/W2162553872","https://openalex.org/W2163093107","https://openalex.org/W2163170280","https://openalex.org/W2168595508","https://openalex.org/W2461359898","https://openalex.org/W2558483943","https://openalex.org/W2601253877","https://openalex.org/W2613694343","https://openalex.org/W2766644800","https://openalex.org/W2800743721","https://openalex.org/W2854921244","https://openalex.org/W2885982708","https://openalex.org/W2942329784","https://openalex.org/W2967512620","https://openalex.org/W2982591564","https://openalex.org/W2999349537","https://openalex.org/W3046330406","https://openalex.org/W3046761316","https://openalex.org/W3080199373","https://openalex.org/W3087592560","https://openalex.org/W3111373194","https://openalex.org/W3138562521","https://openalex.org/W3158006194","https://openalex.org/W3163599366","https://openalex.org/W3193109390","https://openalex.org/W3207778906","https://openalex.org/W3217797237","https://openalex.org/W4220950984","https://openalex.org/W4230253403","https://openalex.org/W4280642182","https://openalex.org/W4283214015","https://openalex.org/W4285019109","https://openalex.org/W4290991119","https://openalex.org/W4293248156","https://openalex.org/W4308995365","https://openalex.org/W4386385135","https://openalex.org/W4389989248","https://openalex.org/W4401752551"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Due":[0],"to":[1,58,145,162],"the":[2,16,33,82,88,93,121,139,158,196],"limited":[3],"permissions":[4],"for":[5,38,130],"upgrading":[6],"dual-side":[7],"(i.e.,":[8],"server-side":[9,44],"and":[10,71,149,153,182,187,198],"client-side)":[11],"loss":[12,39,66,132],"tolerance":[13,148,152],"schemes":[14],"from":[15],"perspective":[17],"of":[18,123,200],"CDN":[19],"vendors":[20],"in":[21,81],"a":[22,52,98],"multi-supplier":[23],"market,":[24],"modern":[25],"large-scale":[26,53],"live":[27,61,72,102],"streaming":[28,73],"services":[29,190],"are":[30],"still":[31],"using":[32],"automatic-repeat-request":[34],"(ARQ)":[35],"based":[36],"paradigm":[37],"recovery,":[40],"which":[41,118],"only":[42],"requires":[43],"modifications.":[45],"In":[46],"this":[47],"paper,":[48],"we":[49],"first":[50],"conduct":[51],"measurement":[54],"study":[55],"with":[56],"up":[57],"50":[59],"million":[60],"streams.":[62],"We":[63,84,109,177],"find":[64,86],"that":[65,87,164],"shows":[67],"<italic":[68,76],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[69,77],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">dynamics</i>":[70],"contains":[74],"frequent":[75],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">on-off":[78],"mode":[79,125],"switching</i>":[80],"wild.":[83],"further":[85],"recovery":[89,114,133,150,165],"latency,":[90],"enlarged":[91],"by":[92],"ubiquitous":[94],"retransmission":[95],"loss,":[96],"is":[97],"critical":[99],"factor":[100],"affecting":[101],"streaming\u2019s":[103],"client-side":[104],"QoE":[105],"(e.g.,":[106],"video":[107],"freezing).":[108],"then":[110],"propose":[111],"an":[112,128],"enhanced":[113],"mechanism":[115],"called":[116],"AutoRec,":[117],"can":[119],"transform":[120],"disadvantages":[122],"on-off":[124],"switching":[126],"into":[127],"advantage":[129],"reducing":[131],"latency":[134,151,166],"without":[135],"any":[136],"modifications":[137],"on":[138],"client":[140],"side.":[141],"AutoRec":[142,179],"allows":[143],"users":[144],"customize":[146],"overhead":[147,174],"adaptively":[154],"adjusts":[155],"strategies":[156],"as":[157],"network":[159],"environment":[160],"changes":[161],"ensure":[163],"meets":[167],"user":[168],"demands":[169],"whenever":[170],"possible":[171],"while":[172],"keeping":[173],"under":[175],"control.":[176],"implement":[178],"upon":[180],"QUIC":[181],"evaluate":[183],"it":[184],"via":[185],"testbed":[186],"real-world":[188],"commercial":[189],"deployments.":[191],"The":[192],"experimental":[193],"results":[194],"demonstrate":[195],"practicability":[197],"profitability":[199],"AutoRec.":[201]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-12-26T00:00:00"}