{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416430093","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ton.2025.3631083","title":"Maintaining Predictable QoS for Online Service Provisioning in Non-Terrestrial Networks via Safe Transfer Learning","display_name":"Maintaining Predictable QoS for Online Service Provisioning in Non-Terrestrial Networks via Safe Transfer Learning","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416430093","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ton.2025.3631083"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ton.2025.3631083","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ton.2025.3631083","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407042750","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Networking","issn_l":"2998-4157","issn":["2998-4157"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047825993","display_name":"Shengyu Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6727-8336"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152815399","display_name":"Singapore University of Technology and Design","ror":"https://ror.org/05j6fvn87","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152815399"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shengyu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Systems Technology and Design Pillar, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Tampines, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Systems Technology and Design Pillar, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Tampines, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152815399"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027475849","display_name":"Songshi Dou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6665-0917"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Songshi Dou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041568550","display_name":"Zhenglong Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0305-9799"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenglong Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102962414","display_name":"Kwan L. Yeung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4590-8760"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kwan L. Yeung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030858163","display_name":"Tony Q. S. Quek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4037-3149"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152815399","display_name":"Singapore University of Technology and Design","ror":"https://ror.org/05j6fvn87","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152815399"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tony Q. S. Quek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Systems Technology and Design Pillar, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Tampines, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Systems Technology and Design Pillar, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Tampines, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152815399"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5047825993"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152815399"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.47748672,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"34","issue":null,"first_page":"1745","last_page":"1760"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.8722000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.8722000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.034299999475479126,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13553","display_name":"Age of Information Optimization","score":0.016300000250339508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handover","display_name":"Handover","score":0.7149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-service","display_name":"Quality of service","score":0.7024999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/provisioning","display_name":"Provisioning","score":0.6489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.4803999960422516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-channel","display_name":"Control channel","score":0.42989999055862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service","display_name":"Service (business)","score":0.4108000099658966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.3693000078201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.367900013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.3562000095844269}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7559999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111852164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414679","display_name":"Handover","level":2,"score":0.7149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5119721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220501","display_name":"Quality of service","level":2,"score":0.7024999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172191483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071806","display_name":"Provisioning","level":2,"score":0.6489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.6101999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.4803999960422516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157607044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165851","display_name":"Control channel","level":3,"score":0.42989999055862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.4108000099658966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.3693000078201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.367900013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.3562000095844269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114237682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5072483","display_name":"Channel allocation schemes","level":3,"score":0.34470000863075256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.34049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2169973","display_name":"Service provider","level":3,"score":0.336899995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3345000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557945733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q389772","display_name":"Data transmission","level":2,"score":0.3264999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776330181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18358244","display_name":"Maximization","level":2,"score":0.32510000467300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203274722","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7001161","display_name":"Network performance","level":2,"score":0.32440000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.3206999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777735758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817765","display_name":"Path (computing)","level":2,"score":0.2996000051498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13540734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5318996","display_name":"Dynamic network analysis","level":2,"score":0.2944999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110994511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q661020","display_name":"Next-generation network","level":3,"score":0.29420000314712524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70352696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8928","display_name":"Constellation","level":2,"score":0.25870001316070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778863105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922836","display_name":"Vertical handover","level":5,"score":0.2563000023365021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.2549000084400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776874963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4112081","display_name":"Virtual network","level":2,"score":0.25189998745918274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140781008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1221081","display_name":"Service quality","level":3,"score":0.2513999938964844}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ton.2025.3631083","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ton.2025.3631083","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407042750","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Networking","issn_l":"2998-4157","issn":["2998-4157"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1977622183","https://openalex.org/W2063754484","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2144136361","https://openalex.org/W2149200615","https://openalex.org/W2992876274","https://openalex.org/W3007804894","https://openalex.org/W3022527688","https://openalex.org/W3032755566","https://openalex.org/W3034230713","https://openalex.org/W3035481639","https://openalex.org/W3165573226","https://openalex.org/W3169385106","https://openalex.org/W3199764353","https://openalex.org/W3200448595","https://openalex.org/W3207120344","https://openalex.org/W3216670142","https://openalex.org/W3217310154","https://openalex.org/W3217696802","https://openalex.org/W4211238269","https://openalex.org/W4213251304","https://openalex.org/W4226309815","https://openalex.org/W4312297846","https://openalex.org/W4315605955","https://openalex.org/W4323914235","https://openalex.org/W4360995664","https://openalex.org/W4380996061","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W4385453342","https://openalex.org/W4386245158","https://openalex.org/W4386260517","https://openalex.org/W4386590671","https://openalex.org/W4388709732","https://openalex.org/W4389109226","https://openalex.org/W4392222548","https://openalex.org/W4399121692","https://openalex.org/W4399404229","https://openalex.org/W4401508063","https://openalex.org/W4411725883","https://openalex.org/W4412623494","https://openalex.org/W7084152374","https://openalex.org/W7084764313"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Emerging":[0],"mega-constellations":[1],"with":[2,184],"numerous":[3],"Low":[4],"Earth":[5],"Orbit":[6],"(LEO)":[7],"satellites":[8,34,75],"actively":[9],"provide":[10],"pervasive":[11],"Internet":[12],"services":[13],"worldwide,":[14],"which":[15,77],"are":[16,69],"usually":[17,65],"considered":[18],"crucial":[19],"components":[20],"of":[21,32,44,57,144],"Non-Terrestrial":[22],"Networks":[23],"(NTNs).":[24],"However,":[25],"the":[26,55,141,209],"high":[27],"mobility":[28],"and":[29,41,71,83,127,136,159,164,197],"limited":[30],"coverage":[31],"LEO":[33],"introduce":[35,147],"frequent":[36],"handovers,":[37],"causing":[38],"network":[39,157,171],"interruptions":[40],"degrading":[42],"Quality":[43],"Service":[45],"(QoS).":[46],"While":[47],"many":[48],"efforts":[49],"have":[50],"been":[51],"made":[52],"to":[53,91,102,120,154,190,194,220],"alleviate":[54],"impact":[56],"handovers":[58],"on":[59],"service":[60,105,231],"provisioning":[61,106],"from":[62,80],"NTNs,":[63,145],"they":[64],"assume":[66],"channel":[67,111,118,123],"conditions":[68,124],"pre-determined":[70],"remain":[72],"unchanged":[73],"as":[74],"move,":[76],"is":[78],"different":[79],"real":[81],"situations":[82],"thus":[84],"may":[85],"experience":[86],"significant":[87],"performance":[88],"degradation":[89],"compared":[90],"theoretical":[92],"analysis.":[93],"In":[94],"this":[95],"paper,":[96],"we":[97,114,146,177],"propose":[98],"<sc":[99,214],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[100,215,222],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">Oracle</small>":[101,216],"promise":[103],"QoS-aware":[104],"in":[107,125,202],"NTNs":[108,126],"under":[109,208],"dynamic":[110,122,142],"conditions.":[112],"Specifically,":[113],"mathematically":[115],"formulate":[116],"a":[117,129,148,185],"model":[119,192],"characterize":[121],"develop":[128],"QoS":[130,228],"maximization":[131],"problem":[132],"considering":[133],"handover":[134],"frequency":[135],"transmission":[137],"capacity.":[138],"To":[139],"accommodate":[140],"nature":[143],"Model":[149],"Predictive":[150],"Control":[151],"(MPC)-based":[152],"controller":[153],"predict":[155],"future":[156],"status":[158,172],"generate":[160],"control":[161,200],"strategies":[162],"correspondingly,":[163],"leverage":[165],"Digital":[166],"Twin":[167],"(DT)":[168],"for":[169],"real-time":[170],"consideration.":[173],"For":[174],"higher":[175],"efficiency,":[176],"further":[178],"employ":[179],"Generative":[180],"Artificial":[181],"Intelligence":[182],"(GAI)":[183],"safe":[186],"transfer":[187],"learning-based":[188],"framework":[189],"enhance":[191,218],"adaptivity":[193],"environmental":[195],"uncertainties":[196],"ensure":[198],"feasible":[199],"decisions":[201],"real-world":[203,210],"NTNs.":[204],"Extensive":[205],"simulation":[206],"results":[207],"constellation":[211],"demonstrate":[212],"that":[213],"can":[217],"up":[219],"<inline-formula":[221],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[223],"<tex-math":[224],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$3\\times":[225],"$</tex-math>":[226],"</inline-formula>":[227],"during":[229],"online":[230],"provisioning.":[232]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-07T16:01:11.037858","created_date":"2025-11-20T00:00:00"}