{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415821474","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ton.2025.3627140","title":"Theoretical Analysis of Mixture-of-Experts in Mobile Edge Computing","display_name":"Theoretical Analysis of Mixture-of-Experts in Mobile Edge Computing","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415821474","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ton.2025.3627140"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ton.2025.3627140","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ton.2025.3627140","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407042750","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Networking","issn_l":"2998-4157","issn":["2998-4157"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100402160","display_name":"Hongbo Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8173-234X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152815399","display_name":"Singapore University of Technology and Design","ror":"https://ror.org/05j6fvn87","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152815399"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongbo Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pillar of Engineering Systems and Design, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Tampines, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8173-234X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pillar of Engineering Systems and Design, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Tampines, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152815399"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007119869","display_name":"Lingjie Duan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0217-6507"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lingjie Duan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Internet of Things Thrust, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0217-6507","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Internet of Things Thrust, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.11848089,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"34","issue":null,"first_page":"1569","last_page":"1581"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.5245000123977661,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.5245000123977661,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11612","display_name":"Stochastic Gradient Optimization Techniques","score":0.12800000607967377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14413","display_name":"Advanced Technologies in Various Fields","score":0.04839999973773956,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-edge-computing","display_name":"Mobile edge computing","score":0.6134999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization","display_name":"Generalization","score":0.6007999777793884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5925999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overfitting","display_name":"Overfitting","score":0.5418999791145325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.5392000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergence","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","score":0.48339998722076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forgetting","display_name":"Forgetting","score":0.45969998836517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.43050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","score":0.4268999993801117}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7462999820709229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776061582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25325231","display_name":"Mobile edge computing","level":3,"score":0.6134999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.6007999777793884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5925999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22019652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q331309","display_name":"Overfitting","level":3,"score":0.5418999791145325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.5392000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.48339998722076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7149132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1377840","display_name":"Forgetting","level":2,"score":0.45969998836517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.43050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4268999993801117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.39989998936653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3950999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175154964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380077","display_name":"Task analysis","level":3,"score":0.3935999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.37040001153945923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.3668999969959259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.3547999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.35120001435279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138236772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25098575","display_name":"Edge device","level":3,"score":0.3424000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.33739998936653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.32679998874664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186967261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5082128","display_name":"Mobile device","level":2,"score":0.30160000920295715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150899416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820378","display_name":"Transfer of learning","level":2,"score":0.29840001463890076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.29409998655319214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.28790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776505523","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785468","display_name":"Plan (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.2851000130176544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172191483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071806","display_name":"Provisioning","level":2,"score":0.2831999957561493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144543869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2738570","display_name":"Mobile computing","level":2,"score":0.2773999869823456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95491727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q992968","display_name":"Mobile telephony","level":3,"score":0.2689000070095062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.2685999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.2648000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29202148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287260","display_name":"Resource allocation","level":2,"score":0.2556999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776175482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1195816","display_name":"Transfer (computing)","level":2,"score":0.2549999952316284}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ton.2025.3627140","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ton.2025.3627140","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407042750","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Networking","issn_l":"2998-4157","issn":["2998-4157"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1682403713","https://openalex.org/W2158875652","https://openalex.org/W2560647685","https://openalex.org/W2809740924","https://openalex.org/W2890928364","https://openalex.org/W2900262992","https://openalex.org/W2919017393","https://openalex.org/W3013536937","https://openalex.org/W3014364938","https://openalex.org/W3019721760","https://openalex.org/W3081088023","https://openalex.org/W3134823279","https://openalex.org/W3183718103","https://openalex.org/W4206632990","https://openalex.org/W4221024145","https://openalex.org/W4285820523","https://openalex.org/W4312611779","https://openalex.org/W4376478371","https://openalex.org/W4376652719","https://openalex.org/W4390569058","https://openalex.org/W4396817294","https://openalex.org/W7084085853"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"mobile":[1,6],"edge":[2,25],"computing":[3],"(MEC)":[4],"networks,":[5],"users":[7],"generate":[8],"diverse":[9],"machine":[10],"learning":[11,64],"tasks":[12,17,48,134,154],"dynamically":[13,104],"over":[14,91,215],"time.":[15,92,117],"These":[16],"are":[18,71],"typically":[19],"offloaded":[20],"to":[21,51,74,106,129,147,159,165,189,197,230,251,259,281,293,313],"the":[22,62,72,87,136,178,182,191,211,218,224,237,242,252,261,264,282,288,294],"nearest":[23],"available":[24,160,204],"server,":[26],"by":[27,111],"considering":[28,112],"communication":[29],"and":[30,49,82,103,115,150,240],"computational":[31],"efficiency.":[32],"However,":[33],"its":[34],"operation":[35,85],"does":[36],"not":[37],"ensure":[38,231],"that":[39],"each":[40,97,163,199,269,298],"server":[41,99,109],"specializes":[42],"in":[43,79,108,135,145,167,308],"a":[44,168,202],"specific":[45,169],"type":[46,170],"of":[47,57,67,133,155,171,194,226,263,266],"leads":[50],"severe":[52],"overfitting":[53],"or":[54],"catastrophic":[55],"forgetting":[56],"previous":[58],"tasks.":[59],"To":[60],"improve":[61],"continual":[63],"(CL)":[65],"performance":[66],"online":[68],"tasks,":[69,125],"we":[70,246,301],"first":[73,176],"introduce":[75,140],"mixture-of-experts":[76],"(MoE)":[77],"theory":[78,95],"MEC":[80,84,98,137,146,220],"networks":[81,311],"save":[83],"from":[86],"increasing":[88],"generalization":[89,213,243,290],"error":[90,214,291],"Our":[93,206,271],"MoE":[94,120,179,207,255],"treats":[96],"as":[100],"an":[101,141],"expert":[102,164],"adapts":[105],"changes":[107],"availability":[110],"data":[113,157],"transfer":[114],"computation":[116],"Unlike":[118],"existing":[119],"models":[121],"designed":[122,128],"for":[123],"offline":[124],"ours":[126],"is":[127,228],"handle":[130],"continuous":[131],"streams":[132],"environment.":[138],"We":[139,175],"adaptive":[142],"gating":[143],"network":[144],"adaptively":[148],"identify":[149],"route":[151],"newly":[152],"arrived":[153],"unknown":[156],"distributions":[158],"experts,":[161],"enabling":[162],"specialize":[166],"task":[172,200],"upon":[173],"convergence.":[174],"consider":[177],"model":[180,256],"with":[181,201,257],"simple":[183],"but":[184],"fundamental":[185],"top-1":[186,283],"routing":[187],"strategy":[188],"derive":[190],"minimum":[192],"number":[193,225,265],"experts":[195,227,235],"required":[196],"match":[198],"specialized,":[203],"expert.":[205,299],"approach":[208],"consistently":[209],"reduces":[210],"overall":[212,289],"time,":[216],"unlike":[217],"traditional":[219],"approach.":[221],"Interestingly,":[222],"when":[223],"sufficient":[229],"convergence,":[232],"adding":[233],"more":[234,253],"delays":[236],"convergence":[238,279],"time":[239],"worsens":[241],"error.":[244],"Furthermore,":[245],"extend":[247],"our":[248,315],"theoretical":[249,316],"analysis":[250],"general":[254],"top-$k$routing":[258,276],"examine":[260],"effect":[262],"selected":[267],"experts$k$for":[268],"task.":[270],"results":[272],"demonstrate":[273],"that,":[274],"while":[275],"accelerates":[277],"system":[278],"compared":[280],"strategy,":[284],"it":[285],"may":[286],"increase":[287],"due":[292],"heavier":[295],"workload":[296],"on":[297,305],"Finally,":[300],"perform":[302],"extensive":[303],"experiments":[304],"real":[306],"datasets":[307],"deep":[309],"neural":[310],"(DNNs)":[312],"verify":[314],"results.":[317]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-11-03T00:00:00"}
