{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7160235497","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/toh.2026.3690458","title":"Design, Analysis, and Characterization of a Small-Scale High-Torque Magnetorheological Brake for Haptic Applications","display_name":"Design, Analysis, and Characterization of a Small-Scale High-Torque Magnetorheological Brake for Haptic Applications","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7160235497","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/toh.2026.3690458","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42085412"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/toh.2026.3690458","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/toh.2026.3690458","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S38993383","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Haptics","issn_l":"1939-1412","issn":["1939-1412","2329-4051","2334-0134"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Haptics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056248830","display_name":"Yiting Mo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8985-7120"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387154005","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/03ab0at74","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387154005","https://openalex.org/I76569877"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiting Mo","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Lab of Remote Measurement and Control, School of Instrument Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8985-7120","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Lab of Remote Measurement and Control, School of Instrument Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877","https://openalex.org/I4387154005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135339674","display_name":"Aiguo Song","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387154005","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/03ab0at74","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387154005","https://openalex.org/I76569877"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aiguo Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Lab of Remote Measurement and Control, School of Instrument Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1982-6780","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Lab of Remote Measurement and Control, School of Instrument Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877","https://openalex.org/I4387154005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135308484","display_name":"Huanhuan Qin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119454577","display_name":"Nanjing Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/05td3s095","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huanhuan Qin","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0246-1543","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129913045","display_name":"Fernando Bello","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126319","display_name":"Duke-NUS Medical School","ror":"https://ror.org/02j1m6098","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596","https://openalex.org/I170897317","https://openalex.org/I4210126319"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fernando Bello","raw_affiliation_strings":["Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4136-0355","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126319","https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.4916829,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"2","first_page":"471","last_page":"481"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10690","display_name":"Vibration Control and Rheological Fluids","score":0.9114999771118164,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10690","display_name":"Vibration Control and Rheological Fluids","score":0.9114999771118164,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10805","display_name":"Vehicle Dynamics and Control Systems","score":0.011800000444054604,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11023","display_name":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","score":0.007899999618530273,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetorheological-fluid","display_name":"Magnetorheological fluid","score":0.7631999850273132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/haptic-technology","display_name":"Haptic technology","score":0.6830000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brake","display_name":"Brake","score":0.6154000163078308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/characterization","display_name":"Characterization (materials science)","score":0.47189998626708984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/torque","display_name":"Torque","score":0.3334999978542328}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108619579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902419","display_name":"Magnetorheological fluid","level":3,"score":0.7631999850273132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152086174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3030571","display_name":"Haptic technology","level":2,"score":0.6830000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780999251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17022503","display_name":"Brake","level":2,"score":0.6154000163078308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.4747999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780841128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5073781","display_name":"Characterization (materials science)","level":2,"score":0.47189998626708984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.3619000017642975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3594000041484833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.34310001134872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144171764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48103","display_name":"Torque","level":2,"score":0.3334999978542328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775960376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1435859","display_name":"Grippers","level":2,"score":0.33169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.32580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.2957000136375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.2809999883174896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199639397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1788588","display_name":"Engineering drawing","level":1,"score":0.26080000400543213}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000089862","descriptor_name":"Haptic Technology","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000089922","descriptor_name":"Haptic Interfaces","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004867","descriptor_name":"Equipment Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008280","descriptor_name":"Magnetics","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012212","descriptor_name":"Rheology","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019415","descriptor_name":"Torque","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D056228","descriptor_name":"Feedback, Sensory","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/toh.2026.3690458","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/toh.2026.3690458","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S38993383","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Haptics","issn_l":"1939-1412","issn":["1939-1412","2329-4051","2334-0134"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Haptics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42085412","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42085412","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on haptics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7006918787956238,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Achieving":[0],"both":[1,64],"high":[2],"torque":[3,28,96,124,172],"for":[4,13,49,197],"convincing":[5],"kinesthetic":[6],"feedback":[7],"and":[8,115,130,136,185],"a":[9,36,42,94,116,122,153,156,175,186],"compact":[10,108],"form":[11],"factor":[12],"user":[14],"comfort":[15],"in":[16],"magnetorheological":[17],"(MR)":[18],"actuators":[19],"remains":[20],"challenging":[21],"due":[22],"to":[23],"the":[24,75,88,100,162],"rapid":[25],"degradation":[26],"of":[27,66,110,118,125,145,149,179,189],"with":[29,41,121,174],"reduced":[30],"dimensions.":[31],"To":[32],"address":[33],"this":[34,53],"limitation,":[35],"small-scale,":[37,198],"high-torque":[38,199],"MR":[39,58,76,147],"brake":[40,105,163],"novel":[43],"dual":[44],"multi-drum":[45],"configuration":[46,92],"is":[47,73],"proposed":[48],"haptic":[50,158,200],"applications.":[51],"In":[52,152],"configuration,":[54],"two":[55],"identical":[56],"multi-gap":[57],"shear":[59,77,85],"regions":[60,78],"are":[61,79,133,141],"located":[62],"on":[63,161],"sides":[65],"an":[67,71],"electromagnetic":[68],"coil.":[69],"Once":[70],"excitation":[72],"applied,":[74],"simultaneously":[80],"activated,":[81],"effectively":[82],"maximizing":[83],"active":[84],"areas":[86],"within":[87],"limited":[89],"volume.":[90],"This":[91],"facilitates":[93],"significant":[95],"output":[97],"without":[98],"compromising":[99],"brake's":[101],"compactness.":[102],"The":[103,128,167],"optimized":[104],"prototype":[106,164],"has":[107],"dimensions":[109],"\u00d829.2":[111],"\u00d7":[112],"44":[113],"mm":[114],"mass":[117],"171.5":[119],"g,":[120],"peak":[123],"1165.4":[126],"mN$\\cdot$m.":[127],"torque-to-volume":[129],"torque-to-mass":[131],"ratios":[132],"39.6":[134],"kN/m$^{2}$":[135],"6.8":[137],"mN$\\cdot$m/g,":[138],"respectively,":[139],"which":[140],"higher":[142],"than":[143],"those":[144],"other":[146],"brakes":[148],"comparable":[150],"size.":[151],"practical":[154],"scenario,":[155],"handheld":[157],"device":[159],"based":[160],"was":[165],"constructed.":[166],"experimental":[168],"results":[169],"demonstrated":[170],"controllable":[171],"rendering,":[173],"just":[176],"noticeable":[177],"difference":[178],"54.18":[180],"$\\pm$":[181,191],"17.73":[182],"mN$\\cdot$":[183],"m":[184],"Weber":[187],"fraction":[188],"11.91":[190],"3.90%,":[192],"thereby":[193],"highlighting":[194],"its":[195],"potential":[196],"actuation.":[201]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-23T06:36:01.041984","created_date":"2026-05-06T00:00:00"}