{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408125714","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/toh.2025.3546979","title":"LARIAT: Predictive Haptic Feedback to Improve Semi-Autonomous UGV Safety in a Case Study","display_name":"LARIAT: Predictive Haptic Feedback to Improve Semi-Autonomous UGV Safety in a Case Study","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-03-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408125714","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/toh.2025.3546979","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40031711"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/toh.2025.3546979","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/toh.2025.3546979","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S38993383","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Haptics","issn_l":"1939-1412","issn":["1939-1412","2329-4051","2334-0134"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Haptics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114738543","display_name":"Chandler Stubbs","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82497590","display_name":"Auburn University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v80fc35","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82497590"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chandler Stubbs","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82497590"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114738542","display_name":"Kathleen Steadman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82497590","display_name":"Auburn University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v80fc35","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82497590"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kathleen Steadman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0914-0979","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82497590"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080233112","display_name":"David M. Bevly","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82497590","display_name":"Auburn University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v80fc35","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82497590"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David M. Bevly","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82497590"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021493536","display_name":"Chad G. Rose","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8616-393X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82497590","display_name":"Auburn University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v80fc35","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82497590"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chad G. Rose","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8616-393X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82497590"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.03751162,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"3","first_page":"763","last_page":"769"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.9689000248908997,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.9689000248908997,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10524","display_name":"Traffic control and management","score":0.9585000276565552,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9383999705314636,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/haptic-technology","display_name":"Haptic technology","score":0.8259328603744507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unmanned-ground-vehicle","display_name":"Unmanned ground vehicle","score":0.6097173094749451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5618337392807007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telerobotics","display_name":"Telerobotics","score":0.5608606338500977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4905027747154236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.40445876121520996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.40336304903030396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.35483425855636597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.24850764870643616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-robot","display_name":"Mobile robot","score":0.21414396166801453}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152086174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3030571","display_name":"Haptic technology","level":2,"score":0.8259328603744507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776548393","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2031473","display_name":"Unmanned ground vehicle","level":2,"score":0.6097173094749451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5618337392807007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196467688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1851985","display_name":"Telerobotics","level":4,"score":0.5608606338500977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4905027747154236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.40445876121520996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.40336304903030396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.35483425855636597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.24850764870643616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19966478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4810574","display_name":"Mobile robot","level":3,"score":0.21414396166801453}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D004867","descriptor_name":"Equipment Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004867","descriptor_name":"Equipment Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004867","descriptor_name":"Equipment Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004867","descriptor_name":"Equipment Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012371","descriptor_name":"Robotics","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012371","descriptor_name":"Robotics","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012371","descriptor_name":"Robotics","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012371","descriptor_name":"Robotics","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012371","descriptor_name":"Robotics","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012371","descriptor_name":"Robotics","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012371","descriptor_name":"Robotics","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012371","descriptor_name":"Robotics","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D055698","descriptor_name":"Touch Perception","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D055698","descriptor_name":"Touch Perception","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D055698","descriptor_name":"Touch Perception","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D055698","descriptor_name":"Touch Perception","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D056228","descriptor_name":"Feedback, Sensory","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D056228","descriptor_name":"Feedback, Sensory","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D056228","descriptor_name":"Feedback, Sensory","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D056228","descriptor_name":"Feedback, Sensory","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/toh.2025.3546979","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/toh.2025.3546979","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S38993383","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Haptics","issn_l":"1939-1412","issn":["1939-1412","2329-4051","2334-0134"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Haptics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40031711","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40031711","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on haptics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.46000000834465027}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W34052524","https://openalex.org/W235458134","https://openalex.org/W1800866505","https://openalex.org/W2012531360","https://openalex.org/W2110795172","https://openalex.org/W2155188066","https://openalex.org/W2207120639","https://openalex.org/W2339027962","https://openalex.org/W2406940670","https://openalex.org/W2514233786","https://openalex.org/W2610857364","https://openalex.org/W2740736345","https://openalex.org/W2741251503","https://openalex.org/W2756167680","https://openalex.org/W2793110400","https://openalex.org/W2810487486","https://openalex.org/W2895634520","https://openalex.org/W2899804740","https://openalex.org/W2900096263","https://openalex.org/W2913149626","https://openalex.org/W2970355225","https://openalex.org/W3113399277","https://openalex.org/W4320002829","https://openalex.org/W4367834962","https://openalex.org/W4388624026","https://openalex.org/W4392114288","https://openalex.org/W4404586538"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W156716224","https://openalex.org/W2111871955","https://openalex.org/W4385473849","https://openalex.org/W4297156670","https://openalex.org/W4285173217","https://openalex.org/W4392645789","https://openalex.org/W2731583012","https://openalex.org/W2151599587","https://openalex.org/W2010967541","https://openalex.org/W2974309314"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"While":[0],"much":[1],"work":[2],"is":[3],"being":[4],"done":[5],"to":[6,38,51,114,120,145,163,188],"advance":[7],"autonomous":[8],"capabilities":[9],"of":[10,54,65,84,107,132,149,173,183],"mobile":[11],"robotics,":[12],"specifically":[13],"unmanned":[14],"ground":[15],"vehicles":[16],"(UGVs),":[17],"some":[18],"applications":[19],"might":[20],"currently":[21,49],"be":[22,39],"too":[23],"complex":[24],"or":[25,192],"undesirable":[26],"for":[27,96,124],"full":[28],"autonomy.":[29],"Maintaining":[30],"a":[31,40,63,92,128,156,171,176,196],"human":[32,55],"in":[33,43,73,89,195],"the":[34,52,81,108,121,138,150,181],"loop":[35],"has":[36,59],"proven":[37],"reliable":[41],"strategy":[42],"these":[44,67],"applications,":[45],"yet":[46],"there":[47],"are":[48,141],"limitations":[50],"efficacy":[53],"operators.":[56],"Haptic":[57],"feedback":[58],"been":[60],"proposed":[61],"as":[62],"method":[64],"addressing":[66],"limitations,":[68],"and":[69,75,137],"aiding":[70],"UGV":[71,122,184],"operators":[72],"safe":[74],"effective":[76],"operation.":[77],"This":[78,100],"manuscript":[79],"presents":[80],"experimental":[82,146],"validation":[83],"LARIAT":[85,179],"(Lowering":[86],"Attention":[87],"Requirements":[88],"semi-Autonomous":[90],"Teleoperation),":[91],"portable":[93],"haptic":[94,116,135],"device":[95,101,147],"teleoperated":[97],"semi-autonomous":[98,177],"UGVs.":[99],"utilizes":[102],"an":[103,168],"adapted":[104],"predictive":[105],"form":[106],"Zero-Moment":[109],"Point":[110],"(ZMP)":[111],"rollover":[112],"index":[113,140],"inform":[115],"squeeze":[117],"cues":[118],"provided":[119],"operator":[123],"human-on-the-loop":[125],"notifications.":[126],"First,":[127],"brief":[129],"design":[130],"overview":[131],"LARIAT,":[133],"implemented":[134],"control,":[136],"ZMP":[139],"presented.":[142],"In":[143,167],"addition":[144],"characterization":[148],"just":[151],"noticeable":[152],"difference,":[153],"we":[154],"present":[155],"case":[157],"study":[158],"that":[159],"demonstrates":[160],"LARIAT's":[161],"abilities":[162],"improve":[164],"teleoperation":[165],"performance.":[166],"experiment":[169],"involving":[170],"simulation":[172],"walking":[174],"behind":[175],"UGV,":[178],"reduced":[180],"number":[182],"rollovers":[185],"by":[186],"up":[187],"50%,":[189],"with":[190],"comparable":[191],"increased":[193],"performance":[194],"concurrent":[197],"secondary":[198],"tasks.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
