{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388019073","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/toh.2023.3327765","title":"Exploring Perceptual Intensity Properties Using Electrotactile Stimulation on Fingertips","display_name":"Exploring Perceptual Intensity Properties Using Electrotactile Stimulation on Fingertips","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388019073","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/toh.2023.3327765","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37903034"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/toh.2023.3327765","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/toh.2023.3327765","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S38993383","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Haptics","issn_l":"1939-1412","issn":["1939-1412","2329-4051","2334-0134"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Haptics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068181345","display_name":"Ziliang Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1867-5837"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ziliang Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1867-5837","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100696216","display_name":"Xiaoxin Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoxin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Robotics and systems, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1215-7086","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Robotics and systems, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067639993","display_name":"Yicheng Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2884-2341"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yicheng Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2884-2341","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059131338","display_name":"Jia Zeng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0682-4898"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jia Zeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0682-4898","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085867312","display_name":"Honghai Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2880-4698"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Honghai Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Robotics and systems, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2880-4698","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Robotics and systems, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5068181345"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3474,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80307782,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"4","first_page":"805","last_page":"815"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10914","display_name":"Tactile and Sensory Interactions","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10914","display_name":"Tactile and Sensory Interactions","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9908000230789185,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10427","display_name":"Visual perception and processing mechanisms","score":0.9063000082969666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intensity","display_name":"Intensity (physics)","score":0.7009242177009583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.6336104273796082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relaxation","display_name":"Relaxation (psychology)","score":0.5396895408630371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logarithm","display_name":"Logarithm","score":0.4822448194026947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calibration","display_name":"Calibration","score":0.4676116704940796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse","display_name":"Pulse (music)","score":0.4522833824157715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phosphene","display_name":"Phosphene","score":0.4459265470504761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parametric-statistics","display_name":"Parametric statistics","score":0.4311376214027405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.41121894121170044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4052298963069916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.38666167855262756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3678619861602783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.31247591972351074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.22219371795654297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2124481499195099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.20332244038581848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.18173542618751526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stimulation","display_name":"Stimulation","score":0.16228976845741272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.10781979560852051}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93038891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061524","display_name":"Intensity (physics)","level":2,"score":0.7009242177009583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.6336104273796082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776029896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3935810","display_name":"Relaxation (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5396895408630371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39927690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11197","display_name":"Logarithm","level":2,"score":0.4822448194026947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165838908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736777","display_name":"Calibration","level":2,"score":0.4676116704940796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780167933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1550652","display_name":"Pulse (music)","level":3,"score":0.4522833824157715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154145042","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1072103","display_name":"Phosphene","level":4,"score":0.4459265470504761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117251300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1849855","display_name":"Parametric statistics","level":2,"score":0.4311376214027405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.41121894121170044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4052298963069916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.38666167855262756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3678619861602783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.31247591972351074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.22219371795654297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2124481499195099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.20332244038581848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.18173542618751526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24998067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4114622","display_name":"Stimulation","level":2,"score":0.16228976845741272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.10781979560852051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778581513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q263962","display_name":"Transcranial magnetic stimulation","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D004558","descriptor_name":"Electric Stimulation","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004558","descriptor_name":"Electric Stimulation","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004558","descriptor_name":"Electric Stimulation","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004558","descriptor_name":"Electric Stimulation","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004558","descriptor_name":"Electric Stimulation","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004566","descriptor_name":"Electrodes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004566","descriptor_name":"Electrodes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004566","descriptor_name":"Electrodes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004566","descriptor_name":"Electrodes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004566","descriptor_name":"Electrodes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005385","descriptor_name":"Fingers","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005385","descriptor_name":"Fingers","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005385","descriptor_name":"Fingers","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005385","descriptor_name":"Fingers","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005385","descriptor_name":"Fingers","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014110","descriptor_name":"Touch","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014110","descriptor_name":"Touch","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014110","descriptor_name":"Touch","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014110","descriptor_name":"Touch","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014110","descriptor_name":"Touch","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D055698","descriptor_name":"Touch Perception","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D055698","descriptor_name":"Touch Perception","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D055698","descriptor_name":"Touch Perception","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D055698","descriptor_name":"Touch Perception","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D055698","descriptor_name":"Touch Perception","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/toh.2023.3327765","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/toh.2023.3327765","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S38993383","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Haptics","issn_l":"1939-1412","issn":["1939-1412","2329-4051","2334-0134"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Haptics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37903034","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37903034","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on haptics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7875817464","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52275013","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1969325650","https://openalex.org/W1994631766","https://openalex.org/W1996489636","https://openalex.org/W1997445719","https://openalex.org/W1999494377","https://openalex.org/W2002505165","https://openalex.org/W2007033900","https://openalex.org/W2029125465","https://openalex.org/W2051213800","https://openalex.org/W2058126402","https://openalex.org/W2059982503","https://openalex.org/W2063894553","https://openalex.org/W2079785378","https://openalex.org/W2089279951","https://openalex.org/W2105053220","https://openalex.org/W2124327332","https://openalex.org/W2131248551","https://openalex.org/W2142962948","https://openalex.org/W2154842302","https://openalex.org/W2156207350","https://openalex.org/W2165394321","https://openalex.org/W2199162594","https://openalex.org/W2403531121","https://openalex.org/W2609785752","https://openalex.org/W2612938211","https://openalex.org/W2802772853","https://openalex.org/W2807516066","https://openalex.org/W2904027553","https://openalex.org/W2956013503","https://openalex.org/W2979627167","https://openalex.org/W2998595022","https://openalex.org/W3006114036","https://openalex.org/W3012235923","https://openalex.org/W3041405815","https://openalex.org/W3099742019","https://openalex.org/W3127803717","https://openalex.org/W3132554929","https://openalex.org/W4213142174","https://openalex.org/W4220748718","https://openalex.org/W4225081786","https://openalex.org/W4226210514","https://openalex.org/W4252283762","https://openalex.org/W4284883197","https://openalex.org/W4289656441","https://openalex.org/W4312303335","https://openalex.org/W4318831095","https://openalex.org/W6632693344"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4283738992","https://openalex.org/W2170880133","https://openalex.org/W3109706702","https://openalex.org/W1976849784","https://openalex.org/W3170150653","https://openalex.org/W2115922108","https://openalex.org/W2170882448","https://openalex.org/W2585752492","https://openalex.org/W3120649878","https://openalex.org/W1480631055"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Understanding":[0],"electrotactile":[1,180],"parametric":[2],"properties":[3],"is":[4,14,177],"a":[5,15,48,71,94],"crucial":[6],"milestone":[7],"in":[8,65],"achieving":[9],"intuitive":[10],"haptics.":[11],"Perceptual":[12],"intensity":[13,75,80,87],"primary":[16],"property,":[17],"but":[18],"its":[19,130],"exploration":[20],"remains":[21],"challenging":[22],"due":[23],"to":[24,77,98,145],"subjectivity.":[25],"To":[26],"address":[27],"this":[28,30,166],"problem,":[29],"study":[31,167],"conducted":[32],"two":[33,39],"experiments":[34],"on":[35,42,110],"fingertips":[36],"and":[37,61,69,91,121,129,157,174],"proposed":[38,70,128],"metrics":[40],"based":[41,109],"significant":[43,49,178],"findings.":[44],"Experiment":[45,84],"1":[46],"found":[47],"linear":[50,112],"relationship":[51,113],"(R":[52],"<sup":[53,115],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[54,116],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sup>":[55,117],"=0.981)":[56],"between":[57,119],"pulse":[58,62],"amplitude":[59],"(PA)":[60],"width":[63],"(PW)":[64],"the":[66,79,111,146],"logarithmic":[67],"plane,":[68],"metric":[72,101],"of":[73,81,96,103,139,150,165],"parameter":[74],"(PI)":[76],"estimate":[78],"parameters.":[82],"In":[83],"2,":[85],"subjective":[86,147],"(SI)":[88],"was":[89,107,127],"defined":[90],"measured":[92,122],"using":[93],"scale":[95],"0":[97],"10.":[99],"A":[100,124],"model":[102],"SI":[104,172],"(SI":[105],"model)":[106],"derived":[108],"(RR":[114],">0.78)":[118],"PI":[120],"SI.":[123],"calibration":[125],"method":[126],"prediction":[131,173],"accuracy":[132,143],"has":[133],"been":[134],"verified.":[135],"An":[136],"average":[137],"RMSE":[138],"11.2%":[140],"indicated":[141],"an":[142],"close":[144],"judgment":[148],"error":[149],"8.7%.":[151],"Results":[152],"are":[153],"consistent":[154],"across":[155],"subjects":[156],"four":[158],"different":[159],"electrode-skin":[160],"conditions":[161],"(ESC).":[162],"The":[163],"findings":[164],"provide":[168],"theoretical":[169],"support":[170],"for":[171,179],"regulation,":[175],"which":[176],"feedback.":[181]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-16T08:24:45.110214","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
