{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7135217996","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2026.3673982","title":"An Efficient and Secure Smart Parking System With Conditional Preservation of Citizens Privacy for Smart Cities","display_name":"An Efficient and Secure Smart Parking System With Conditional Preservation of Citizens Privacy for Smart Cities","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7135217996","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2026.3673982"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnsm.2026.3673982","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2026.3673982","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S173527311","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","issn_l":"1932-4537","issn":["1932-4537","2373-7379"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109788609","display_name":"Mohammad Rasool Momeni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7140-0082"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60158472","display_name":"Concordia University","ror":"https://ror.org/0420zvk78","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Rasool Momeni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Concordia Institute for Information Systems Engineering (CIISE), Concordia University, Montreal, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7140-0082","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Concordia Institute for Information Systems Engineering (CIISE), Concordia University, Montreal, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057616923","display_name":"Abdollah Jabbari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8591-8678"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60158472","display_name":"Concordia University","ror":"https://ror.org/0420zvk78","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdollah Jabbari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Concordia Institute for Information Systems Engineering (CIISE), Concordia University, Montreal, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8591-8678","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Concordia Institute for Information Systems Engineering (CIISE), Concordia University, Montreal, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001203568","display_name":"Carol Fung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5726-4371"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60158472","display_name":"Concordia University","ror":"https://ror.org/0420zvk78","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carol Fung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Concordia Institute for Information Systems Engineering (CIISE), Concordia University, Montreal, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5726-4371","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Concordia Institute for Information Systems Engineering (CIISE), Concordia University, Montreal, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.28289889,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":null,"first_page":"3279","last_page":"3295"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12546","display_name":"Smart Parking Systems Research","score":0.7609000205993652,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12546","display_name":"Smart Parking Systems Research","score":0.7609000205993652,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.04190000146627426,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.0215000007301569,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-city","display_name":"Smart city","score":0.4927000105381012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/privacy-protection","display_name":"Privacy protection","score":0.41749998927116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-privacy","display_name":"Information privacy","score":0.40950000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.3116999864578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-card","display_name":"Smart card","score":0.31119999289512634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/privacy-software","display_name":"Privacy software","score":0.3082999885082245}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7310000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5888000130653381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777103469","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1231558","display_name":"Smart city","level":3,"score":0.4927000105381012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017597292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25052250","display_name":"Privacy protection","level":2,"score":0.41749998927116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123201435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q456632","display_name":"Information privacy","level":2,"score":0.40950000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3384000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.31630000472068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.3116999864578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110406131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41349","display_name":"Smart card","level":2,"score":0.31119999289512634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509729295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7246032","display_name":"Privacy software","level":3,"score":0.3082999885082245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.2939999997615814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.2922999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47796450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q508378","display_name":"Intelligent transportation system","level":2,"score":0.2786000072956085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.2605000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779089604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7169333","display_name":"Permission","level":2,"score":0.25040000677108765}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnsm.2026.3673982","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2026.3673982","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S173527311","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","issn_l":"1932-4537","issn":["1932-4537","2373-7379"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.6823213696479797}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"ever-increasing":[1],"world":[2],"population":[3],"and":[4,52,58,70,76,106,120,138,161,169,182,199],"the":[5,41,44,165,170,193],"number":[6],"of":[7,46,62,208],"vehicles":[8],"in":[9,23,211],"use":[10,112],"have":[11],"made":[12],"it":[13,86,203],"more":[14],"difficult":[15],"for":[16],"drivers":[17,53],"to":[18,39,92,124,144,155],"find":[19],"suitable":[20],"parking":[21,28,32,48,50,56,68,95,109],"lots":[22],"large":[24],"cities.":[25],"When":[26],"public":[27],"is":[29,153,177,196],"insufficient,":[30],"private":[31,47,63,94,140],"space":[33],"sharing":[34,152],"could":[35,87],"be":[36,88],"a":[37,89],"solution":[38],"alleviate":[40],"problem.":[42],"In":[43,201],"context":[45],"reservation,":[49],"owners":[51],"share":[54],"their":[55],"offers":[57],"inquiries":[59],"that":[60,174,192],"consist":[61],"information,":[64],"such":[65,116,133],"as":[66,117,134],"identity,":[67],"spot,":[69],"desired":[71],"location.":[72],"Hence,":[73],"cyber":[74],"attacks":[75,181],"data":[77],"leaks":[78],"can":[79],"reveal":[80],"sensitive":[81],"information":[82,141],"about":[83],"citizens.":[84],"Therefore,":[85],"major":[90],"barrier":[91],"utilize":[93],"spots.":[96],"To":[97],"address":[98],"this":[99],"issue,":[100],"we":[101],"propose":[102],"an":[103,205],"efficient,":[104,197],"secure,":[105],"privacy-preserving":[107],"smart":[108],"system.":[110],"We":[111,127],"robust":[113,178],"security":[114,160],"methods,":[115],"proxy":[118],"re-encryption":[119],"certificateless":[121],"public-key":[122],"cryptography,":[123],"achieve":[125],"security.":[126],"also":[128],"employ":[129],"cutting-edge":[130],"privacy-enhancing":[131],"technologies,":[132],"(partially)":[135],"blind":[136],"signature":[137],"symmetric":[139],"retrieval":[142],"(SPIR),":[143],"preserve":[145],"citizens\u2019":[146,185],"privacy.":[147,158,186],"Moreover,":[148],"Shamir\u2019s":[149],"threshold":[150],"secret":[151],"used":[154],"provide":[156],"conditional":[157],"Comprehensive":[159],"privacy":[162],"analysis":[163,190],"using":[164],"Random":[166],"Oracle":[167],"model":[168],"Scyther":[171],"tool":[172],"demonstrates":[173],"our":[175,188],"design":[176],"against":[179],"relevant":[180],"effectively":[183],"protects":[184],"Ultimately,":[187],"performance":[189],"indicates":[191],"proposed":[194],"scheme":[195],"lightweight,":[198],"feasible.":[200],"particular,":[202],"achieves":[204],"average":[206],"reduction":[207],"approximately":[209],"73%":[210],"communication":[212],"overhead.":[213]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2026-03-14T00:00:00"}