{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416649969","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2025.3636785","title":"Load-Balancing Versus Anycast: A First Look at Operational Challenges","display_name":"Load-Balancing Versus Anycast: A First Look at Operational Challenges","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416649969","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2025.3636785"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnsm.2025.3636785","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2025.3636785","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S173527311","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","issn_l":"1932-4537","issn":["1932-4537","2373-7379"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://research.utwente.nl/en/publications/fb527ea1-b84b-4332-b2c0-1145e5638005","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049125454","display_name":"Remi Hendriks","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1578-668X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94624287","display_name":"University of Twente","ror":"https://ror.org/006hf6230","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94624287"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Remi Hendriks","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Design and Analysis of Computer Systems, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands","University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1578-668X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Design and Analysis of Computer Systems, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94624287"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94624287"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043382340","display_name":"Mattijs Jonker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5174-9140"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94624287","display_name":"University of Twente","ror":"https://ror.org/006hf6230","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94624287"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mattijs Jonker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Design and Analysis of Computer Systems, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands","University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5174-9140","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Design and Analysis of Computer Systems, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94624287"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94624287"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091643049","display_name":"Roland van Rijswijk-Deij","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0249-8776"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94624287","display_name":"University of Twente","ror":"https://ror.org/006hf6230","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94624287"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roland van Rijswijk-Deij","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Design and Analysis of Computer Systems, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands","University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0249-8776","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Design and Analysis of Computer Systems, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94624287"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94624287"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002961985","display_name":"Raffaele Sommese","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3484-9259"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94624287","display_name":"University of Twente","ror":"https://ror.org/006hf6230","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94624287"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raffaele Sommese","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Design and Analysis of Computer Systems, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands","University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3484-9259","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Design and Analysis of Computer Systems, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94624287"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94624287"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.36134523,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":null,"first_page":"814","last_page":"823"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10138","display_name":"Network Traffic and Congestion Control","score":0.49959999322891235,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10138","display_name":"Network Traffic and Congestion Control","score":0.49959999322891235,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.2061000019311905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10742","display_name":"Peer-to-Peer Network Technologies","score":0.15240000188350677,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anycast","display_name":"Anycast","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.4961000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.4771000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.44190001487731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ipv4","display_name":"IPv4","score":0.3944000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/implementation","display_name":"Implementation","score":0.39309999346733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.3540000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing-algorithm","display_name":"Routing algorithm","score":0.3346000015735626}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122005561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q613897","display_name":"Anycast","level":3,"score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.819599986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.7117999792098999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.4961000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4837999939918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.4771000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.44190001487731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779233093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11103","display_name":"IPv4","level":4,"score":0.3944000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26713055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245962","display_name":"Implementation","level":2,"score":0.39309999346733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.3540000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984173633","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22725","display_name":"Routing algorithm","level":4,"score":0.3346000015735626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.31279999017715454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123745756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1665949","display_name":"Interconnection","level":2,"score":0.30489999055862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104954878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1648707","display_name":"Routing protocol","level":3,"score":0.2969000041484833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.2784999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84555802","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2551624","display_name":"IPv6","level":3,"score":0.27720001339912415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138959212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1806783","display_name":"Load balancing (electrical power)","level":3,"score":0.27000001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.2660999894142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.26460000872612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780860992","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16887485","display_name":"Network partition","level":2,"score":0.26350000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.257999986410141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140745168","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1210082","display_name":"Tree traversal","level":2,"score":0.25690001249313354}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnsm.2025.3636785","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2025.3636785","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S173527311","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","issn_l":"1932-4537","issn":["1932-4537","2373-7379"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ris.utwente.nl:openaire/fb527ea1-b84b-4332-b2c0-1145e5638005","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.utwente.nl/en/publications/fb527ea1-b84b-4332-b2c0-1145e5638005","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922991","display_name":"University of Twente Research Information","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Hendriks, R, Jonker, M, van Rijswijk-Deij, R & Sommese, R 2026, 'Load-Balancing Versus Anycast : A First Look at Operational Challenges', IEEE transactions on network and service management, vol. 23, pp. 814-823. https://doi.org/10.1109/TNSM.2025.3636785","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2503.14351","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2503.14351","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2503.14351","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918464","display_name":"ArXiv.org","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ris.utwente.nl:openaire/fb527ea1-b84b-4332-b2c0-1145e5638005","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.utwente.nl/en/publications/fb527ea1-b84b-4332-b2c0-1145e5638005","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922991","display_name":"University of Twente Research Information","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Hendriks, R, Jonker, M, van Rijswijk-Deij, R & Sommese, R 2026, 'Load-Balancing Versus Anycast : A First Look at Operational Challenges', IEEE transactions on network and service management, vol. 23, pp. 814-823. https://doi.org/10.1109/TNSM.2025.3636785","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5541777447","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NWO grant NWA.1160.18.301 (INTERSECT)","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4169737581","funder_display_name":"Toegepaste en Technische Wetenschappen, NWO"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4169737581","display_name":"Toegepaste en Technische Wetenschappen, NWO","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Load":[0],"Balancing":[1],"(LB)":[2],"is":[3,88],"a":[4,22,51,72,149],"routing":[5,70],"strategy":[6],"that":[7,43,83],"increases":[8],"performance":[9],"by":[10,38,116],"distributing":[11],"traffic":[12,49],"over":[13,170],"multiple":[14,55],"outgoing":[15],"paths.":[16],"In":[17,139],"this":[18],"work,":[19],"we":[20,152],"introduce":[21],"novel":[23],"methodology":[24,61],"to":[25,40,62,131,175],"detect":[26,41,97,176],"the":[27,64,101],"influence":[28],"of":[29,66,108,158,163,169],"LB":[30,98],"on":[31,68,100],"anycast":[32,45,56,69,85,133,146,181],"routing,":[33],"which":[34],"can":[35,96,179],"be":[36],"used":[37],"operators":[39,182],"networks":[42],"experience":[44],"site":[46,86,126],"flipping,":[47],"where":[48],"from":[50],"single":[52],"client":[53],"reaches":[54],"sites.":[57],"We":[58,123],"use":[59],"our":[60,94],"measure":[63],"effects":[65],"LB-behavior":[67],"at":[71],"global":[73,102],"scale,":[74],"covering":[75],"both":[76],"IPv4":[77],"and":[78,106,111,120,148],"IPv6.":[79],"Our":[80],"results":[81,91],"show":[82,93],"LB-induced":[84,125],"flipping":[87,127],"widespread.":[89],"The":[90],"also":[92],"method":[95],"implementations":[99],"Internet,":[103],"including":[104],"detection":[105],"classification":[107],"Points-of-Presence":[109],"(PoP)":[110],"egress":[112],"selection":[113],"techniques":[114],"deployed":[115],"hypergiants,":[117],"cloud":[118],"providers,":[119],"network":[121],"operators.":[122],"observe":[124,153],"directs":[128],"distinct":[129],"flows":[130],"different":[132],"sites":[134],"with":[135,141,161],"significant":[136],"latency":[137],"inflation.":[138],"cases":[140,178],"two":[142],"paths":[143],"between":[144],"an":[145,154],"instance":[147],"load-balanced":[150,164],"destination,":[151],"average":[155],"RTT":[156,167],"difference":[157],"30":[159],"ms":[160],"8%":[162],"destinations":[165],"seeing":[166],"differences":[168],"100":[171],"ms.":[172],"Being":[173],"able":[174],"these":[177],"help":[180],"significantly":[183],"improve":[184],"their":[185],"service":[186],"for":[187],"affected":[188],"clients.":[189]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-23T13:55:30.953635","created_date":"2025-11-25T00:00:00"}
