{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410639593","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2025.3573246","title":"Probabilistic Analysis of Validator Lifecycle and Fork Resolution in Ethereum 2.0-Like PoS System","display_name":"Probabilistic Analysis of Validator Lifecycle and Fork Resolution in Ethereum 2.0-Like PoS System","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410639593","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2025.3573246"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnsm.2025.3573246","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2025.3573246","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S173527311","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","issn_l":"1932-4537","issn":["1932-4537","2373-7379"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050063783","display_name":"Soosan Naderi Mighan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1433-598X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I530967","display_name":"Toronto Metropolitan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05g13zd79","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I530967"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Soosan Naderi Mighan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Canada","Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I530967"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I530967"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017004453","display_name":"Jelena Mi\u0161i\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1251-3730"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I530967","display_name":"Toronto Metropolitan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05g13zd79","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I530967"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jelena Mi\u0161i\u0107","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Canada","Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I530967"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I530967"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019465701","display_name":"Vojislav B. Mi\u0161i\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7760-9920"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I530967","display_name":"Toronto Metropolitan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05g13zd79","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I530967"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vojislav B. Mi\u0161i\u0107","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Canada","Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I530967"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I530967"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5050063783"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I530967"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2158,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78823898,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"4","first_page":"3732","last_page":"3742"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10876","display_name":"Fault Detection and Control Systems","score":0.7020999789237976,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10876","display_name":"Fault Detection and Control Systems","score":0.7020999789237976,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.6960999965667725,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10715","display_name":"Distributed and Parallel Computing Systems","score":0.6323999762535095,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/validator","display_name":"Validator","score":0.8449386358261108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7789738178253174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fork","display_name":"Fork (system call)","score":0.7690039873123169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.6290102601051331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.22272589802742004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.1727331578731537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.11526989936828613}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35292069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1575458","display_name":"Validator","level":2,"score":0.8449386358261108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7789738178253174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40523978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14675","display_name":"Fork (system call)","level":2,"score":0.7690039873123169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.6290102601051331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.22272589802742004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.1727331578731537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.11526989936828613}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnsm.2025.3573246","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2025.3573246","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S173527311","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","issn_l":"1932-4537","issn":["1932-4537","2373-7379"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4798382037","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Discovery Grants-Individual","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","funder_display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3090500064","https://openalex.org/W3120405143","https://openalex.org/W3155362112","https://openalex.org/W3203272272","https://openalex.org/W4307837975","https://openalex.org/W4312055801","https://openalex.org/W4315630011","https://openalex.org/W4385627036","https://openalex.org/W4385687992","https://openalex.org/W4386321977","https://openalex.org/W4387880972","https://openalex.org/W4389010997","https://openalex.org/W4389037628","https://openalex.org/W4391134791","https://openalex.org/W6678832241","https://openalex.org/W6712179443","https://openalex.org/W6745143538","https://openalex.org/W6774817649","https://openalex.org/W6789433977","https://openalex.org/W6803073465","https://openalex.org/W6852439467","https://openalex.org/W6853089827","https://openalex.org/W6857690257","https://openalex.org/W6862304911"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W4318683744","https://openalex.org/W2910132097","https://openalex.org/W4375842390","https://openalex.org/W2383224865","https://openalex.org/W3136330736","https://openalex.org/W4401490379","https://openalex.org/W1600705311"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ethereum":[0,36],"2.0":[1,37],"uses":[2],"a":[3,28,31,88,113],"Proof-of-Stake-based":[4],"consensus":[5,32,101],"which":[6],"aims":[7],"to":[8,35,76,130],"minimize":[9],"the":[10,17,25,46,55,71,77,81,94,107,119,131,141,148,151,154],"impact":[11,56,95],"of":[12,27,57,96,109,123,143,150,156,164],"malicious":[13],"validators":[14],"by":[15],"decentralizing":[16],"voting":[18,111,166],"protocol.":[19],"In":[20,44],"this":[21,171],"paper":[22],"we":[23,92,160],"investigate":[24,140],"lifecycle":[26],"validator":[29,72],"in":[30,153,170],"protocol":[33,47],"similar":[34],"but":[38],"with":[39,49],"simplifications":[40],"introduced":[41],"for":[42],"tractability.":[43],"particular,":[45],"operates":[48],"near-single":[50],"slot":[51],"finality":[52],"and":[53,62,74,87,126,146,159],"includes":[54],"behaviors":[58],"such":[59],"as":[60,173],"truthful":[61,110,165],"false":[63],"voting,":[64,67],"abstention":[65],"from":[66,70],"voluntary":[68,124],"exit":[69,125],"committee,":[73],"return":[75],"committee":[78,132],"upon":[79],"depositing":[80],"required":[82],"stake.":[83],"Using":[84],"probabilistic":[85],"techniques":[86],"Markov":[89],"chain":[90],"model,":[91],"examine":[93],"all":[97],"those":[98],"factors":[99],"on":[100,116],"probability.":[102],"Our":[103],"results":[104],"indicate":[105],"that":[106,162],"probability":[108,163],"has":[112],"predominant":[114],"effect":[115],"consensus,":[117],"although":[118],"interplay":[120],"between":[121],"probabilities":[122],"waiting":[127],"before":[128],"returning":[129],"also":[133,139],"plays":[134],"an":[135],"important":[136,169],"role.":[137],"We":[138],"process":[142],"fork":[144,177],"resolution":[145],"model":[147],"behavior":[149],"blockchain":[152],"presence":[155],"multiple":[157],"tips,":[158],"show":[161],"is":[167],"equally":[168],"case":[172],"higher":[174],"values":[175],"accelerate":[176],"resolution.":[178]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
