{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410086610","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2025.3566771","title":"AFAS: Arbitrary-Freedom Adaptive Scheduling for Multiworkflow Cloud Computing via Deep Reinforcement Learning","display_name":"AFAS: Arbitrary-Freedom Adaptive Scheduling for Multiworkflow Cloud Computing via Deep Reinforcement Learning","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410086610","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2025.3566771"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnsm.2025.3566771","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2025.3566771","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S173527311","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","issn_l":"1932-4537","issn":["1932-4537","2373-7379"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078747877","display_name":"Genxin Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0652-1494"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Genxin Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China","School of Automation, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Jiangsu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009718169","display_name":"Jin Qi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5846-4674"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jin Qi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Internet of Things, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China","School of Internet of Things, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Jiangsu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Internet of Things, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Internet of Things, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5105049194","display_name":"Jialin Hua","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jialin Hua","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Internet of Things, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China","School of Internet of Things, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Jiangsu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Internet of Things, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Internet of Things, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103640933","display_name":"Ying Sun","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ying Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China","School of Internet of Things, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China","School of Computer Science, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Jiangsu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Internet of Things, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100528032","display_name":"Zhenjiang Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1213-8686"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenjiang Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China","School of Computer Science, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Jiangsu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100629960","display_name":"Yanfei Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0085-1545"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanfei Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China","School of Internet of Things, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China","School of Internet of Things, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Jiangsu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Internet of Things, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Internet of Things, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5078747877"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.9916,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9617704,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"4","first_page":"3601","last_page":"3616"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9771000146865845,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9771000146865845,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10551","display_name":"Scheduling and Optimization Algorithms","score":0.9351000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9316999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7886014580726624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.7218682765960693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.5875735878944397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.49439024925231934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.4206749200820923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.36638426780700684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.1452091634273529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.12261337041854858}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7886014580726624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.7218682765960693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.5875735878944397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.49439024925231934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4206749200820923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.36638426780700684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.1452091634273529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.12261337041854858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnsm.2025.3566771","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2025.3566771","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S173527311","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","issn_l":"1932-4537","issn":["1932-4537","2373-7379"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2343970360","https://openalex.org/W2744120858","https://openalex.org/W2951250714","https://openalex.org/W2955686859","https://openalex.org/W2997722299","https://openalex.org/W3000707762","https://openalex.org/W3007576625","https://openalex.org/W3021407522","https://openalex.org/W3126778401","https://openalex.org/W3129247004","https://openalex.org/W3168127763","https://openalex.org/W3205841758","https://openalex.org/W3209259988","https://openalex.org/W3209775454","https://openalex.org/W3209807998","https://openalex.org/W4205902144","https://openalex.org/W4206520343","https://openalex.org/W4210450450","https://openalex.org/W4210517747","https://openalex.org/W4210838544","https://openalex.org/W4210902003","https://openalex.org/W4211126203","https://openalex.org/W4214712791","https://openalex.org/W4214761305","https://openalex.org/W4221069002","https://openalex.org/W4224931312","https://openalex.org/W4280520053","https://openalex.org/W4280571862","https://openalex.org/W4281786276","https://openalex.org/W4283211351","https://openalex.org/W4285134448","https://openalex.org/W4285232272","https://openalex.org/W4285817673","https://openalex.org/W4289523361","https://openalex.org/W4292387240","https://openalex.org/W4296985080","https://openalex.org/W4308525291","https://openalex.org/W4310291197","https://openalex.org/W4312058681","https://openalex.org/W4312875543","https://openalex.org/W4312986561","https://openalex.org/W4313044268","https://openalex.org/W4318046977","https://openalex.org/W4321609122","https://openalex.org/W4323338641","https://openalex.org/W4323644318","https://openalex.org/W4366524802","https://openalex.org/W4367721725","https://openalex.org/W4372207793","https://openalex.org/W4376127168","https://openalex.org/W4382724960","https://openalex.org/W4384938269","https://openalex.org/W4399188427"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4244478748","https://openalex.org/W3150465815","https://openalex.org/W4223488648","https://openalex.org/W2134969820","https://openalex.org/W2251605416","https://openalex.org/W1997222214","https://openalex.org/W2560439919","https://openalex.org/W4389340727","https://openalex.org/W2802581102","https://openalex.org/W4205786897"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,16,163],"in-depth":[1],"development":[2],"of":[3,12,18,33,95,97,173,192,198],"artificial":[4],"intelligence":[5],"models":[6,194],"has":[7,25],"supported":[8],"the":[9,31,41,49,80,87,93,100,105,149,171,190,196],"high-quality":[10,45],"allocation":[11],"cloud":[13,23,56,67],"computing":[14,24,34,38,68],"resources.":[15],"optimization":[17,88],"workflow":[19,52,81],"scheduling":[20,53,64,101,120,129],"issues":[21],"in":[22,55,99],"become":[26],"increasingly":[27,50],"critical":[28],"due":[29],"to":[30,103,113,157],"complexity":[32],"tasks,":[35],"constraints":[36],"on":[37,73],"resources,":[39],"and":[40,83,108,152,189],"growing":[42],"demand":[43],"for":[44,66,127,144],"service.":[46],"To":[47],"address":[48],"complex":[51],"problems":[54],"computing,":[57],"this":[58],"paper":[59],"presents":[60],"an":[61,117,137],"arbitrary-freedom":[62,159],"adaptive":[63,118,161],"method":[65],"with":[69,79,136],"multiple":[70],"workflows":[71],"based":[72],"deep":[74],"reinforcement":[75],"learning":[76],"(termed":[77],"AFAS),":[78],"makespan":[82],"response":[84],"time":[85],"as":[86],"objectives.":[89],"First,":[90],"we":[91],"define":[92],"concept":[94],"degrees":[96],"freedom":[98],"context":[102],"establish":[104],"feature":[106],"space":[107],"foundational":[109],"decision":[110],"patterns":[111],"relevant":[112],"multiworkflow":[114,128,160],"scheduling.":[115,162],"Second,":[116],"real-time":[119],"strategy":[121],"generation":[122,150],"(ARS)":[123],"algorithm":[124,141,151],"is":[125,142],"proposed":[126],"tasks.":[130],"Third,":[131],"a":[132],"composite":[133],"reward":[134,174],"mechanism":[135],"advanced-time-window":[138],"real-time-reward":[139],"(ATR)":[140],"designed":[143],"intelligent":[145,153,193],"model":[146,154],"optimization.":[147],"Finally,":[148],"are":[155],"fused":[156],"perform":[158],"experiments":[164],"show":[165],"that":[166],"ATR":[167],"can":[168,177,187],"significantly":[169],"increase":[170],"frequency":[172],"generation,":[175],"AFAS":[176],"achieve":[178],"at":[179],"least":[180],"6.6%":[181],"better":[182],"performance":[183,197],"than":[184],"existing":[185],"methods":[186],"achieve,":[188],"incorporation":[191],"improves":[195],"ARS":[199],"by":[200],"2.7%.":[201]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
