{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409058234","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2025.3556770","title":"Classification-Model Applied to Routing Problem in Flexible-Grid Optical Networks","display_name":"Classification-Model Applied to Routing Problem in Flexible-Grid Optical Networks","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409058234","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2025.3556770"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnsm.2025.3556770","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2025.3556770","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S173527311","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","issn_l":"1932-4537","issn":["1932-4537","2373-7379"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2025.3556770","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078691715","display_name":"A. V. S. Xavier","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25112270","display_name":"Universidade Federal de Pernambuco","ror":"https://ror.org/047908t24","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25112270"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andr\u00e9 V. S. Xavier","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Systems, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil","Department of Electronics and Systems, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Systems, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25112270"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Systems, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25112270"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012081890","display_name":"Raul C. Almeida","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2047-7167"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25112270","display_name":"Universidade Federal de Pernambuco","ror":"https://ror.org/047908t24","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25112270"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raul C. Almeida","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Systems, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil","Department of Electronics and Systems, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Systems, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25112270"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Systems, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25112270"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071265590","display_name":"Leonardo D. Coelho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2914-3964"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25112270","display_name":"Universidade Federal de Pernambuco","ror":"https://ror.org/047908t24","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25112270"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leonardo Didier Coelho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Systems, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil","Department of Electronics and Systems, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Systems, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25112270"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Systems, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25112270"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064763391","display_name":"Joaquim F. Martins-Filho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6972-6913"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25112270","display_name":"Universidade Federal de Pernambuco","ror":"https://ror.org/047908t24","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25112270"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joaquim Ferreira Martins-Filho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Systems, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil","Department of Electronics and Systems, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Systems, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25112270"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Systems, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25112270"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5078691715"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25112270"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.06332848,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"3","first_page":"2747","last_page":"2763"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10847","display_name":"Advanced Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10847","display_name":"Advanced Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10767","display_name":"Advanced Photonic Communication Systems","score":0.9886999726295471,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8428126573562622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.5784086585044861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.5601844787597656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5488831996917725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.4988977909088135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/static-routing","display_name":"Static routing","score":0.43041691184043884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-source-routing","display_name":"Dynamic Source Routing","score":0.4140549898147583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing-protocol","display_name":"Routing protocol","score":0.343196839094162}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8428126573562622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5784086585044861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.5601844787597656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5488831996917725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.4988977909088135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204948658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1119410","display_name":"Static routing","level":4,"score":0.43041691184043884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9659607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1268903","display_name":"Dynamic Source Routing","level":4,"score":0.4140549898147583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104954878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1648707","display_name":"Routing protocol","level":3,"score":0.343196839094162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnsm.2025.3556770","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2025.3556770","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S173527311","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","issn_l":"1932-4537","issn":["1932-4537","2373-7379"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnsm.2025.3556770","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2025.3556770","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S173527311","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","issn_l":"1932-4537","issn":["1932-4537","2373-7379"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.47999998927116394}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7151194119","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021/06569-1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320997","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320997","display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","ror":"https://ror.org/02ddkpn78"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322025","display_name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","ror":"https://ror.org/03swz6y49"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323678","display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia do Estado de Pernambuco","ror":"https://ror.org/02te5rf52"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1995963788","https://openalex.org/W2000215674","https://openalex.org/W2011282943","https://openalex.org/W2014104760","https://openalex.org/W2024649535","https://openalex.org/W2024827400","https://openalex.org/W2030855229","https://openalex.org/W2084894689","https://openalex.org/W2089983976","https://openalex.org/W2105547707","https://openalex.org/W2133401839","https://openalex.org/W2133768407","https://openalex.org/W2148523205","https://openalex.org/W2167770189","https://openalex.org/W2331977396","https://openalex.org/W2433310137","https://openalex.org/W2901022504","https://openalex.org/W2915431577","https://openalex.org/W2921715893","https://openalex.org/W2962425522","https://openalex.org/W2964101383","https://openalex.org/W2996420627","https://openalex.org/W3011695593","https://openalex.org/W3088915330","https://openalex.org/W3188896635","https://openalex.org/W3193612464","https://openalex.org/W4237854309","https://openalex.org/W4296645953","https://openalex.org/W4312068995","https://openalex.org/W4322766790","https://openalex.org/W4386472982","https://openalex.org/W4391249716","https://openalex.org/W4400527817","https://openalex.org/W6749563939","https://openalex.org/W6755712434"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1997091564","https://openalex.org/W2354297704","https://openalex.org/W2554647918","https://openalex.org/W2138640781","https://openalex.org/W2000875519","https://openalex.org/W2607223747","https://openalex.org/W2146184701","https://openalex.org/W1563839700","https://openalex.org/W2740434786","https://openalex.org/W2741533325"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,24,55,220,239],"recent":[1],"years,":[2],"machine":[3,32],"learning":[4,33],"algorithms":[5,34],"have":[6],"been":[7],"widely":[8],"used":[9,37,96,135,174],"in":[10,41,72,185,190,212],"optical":[11,74,145],"networks":[12],"to":[13,38,50,67,82,97,124,136,175,197,250,256],"solve":[14,68],"complex":[15],"problems":[16],"such":[17],"as":[18],"routing,":[19,25],"resource":[20],"allocation,":[21],"among":[22],"others.":[23],"modulation":[26],"and":[27,44,87,143,161,210,215],"spectrum":[28,163],"allocation":[29],"(RMSA)":[30],"problems,":[31],"can":[35],"be":[36],"learn":[39],"patterns":[40],"historical":[42],"data":[43],"find":[45,251],"good":[46],"solutions":[47],"without":[48],"having":[49],"explore":[51],"all":[52,240],"existing":[53],"solutions.":[54],"this":[56,109],"paper,":[57],"we":[58],"propose":[59],"an":[60,204,228],"algorithm":[61,77,157,172,184],"based":[62,165],"on":[63],"a":[64,104],"classification":[65],"model":[66],"the":[69,79,83,88,91,99,114,125,138,162,182,186,198,213,221,233,247,252,257],"routing":[70,106,139,154],"problem":[71],"elastic":[73],"networks.":[75],"This":[76,170],"predicts":[78],"route":[80],"according":[81,123],"call":[84],"request":[85],"information":[86],"state":[89],"of":[90,113,121,128,192,208,237],"network":[92,132,188,217,223,235,241],"links.":[93],"The":[94,147],"dataset":[95],"train":[98,176],"proposal":[100,115,180,202,226,245],"is":[101,173],"obtained":[102,203],"through":[103],"dynamic":[105],"algorithm.":[107,169,259],"With":[108],"dataset,":[110],"two":[111,152],"versions":[112],"are":[116,134,149],"evaluated":[117],"with":[118,151],"different":[119],"sets":[120],"routes":[122],"frequency":[126],"distribution":[127],"these":[129],"routes.":[130],"Three":[131],"topologies":[133,189,242],"evaluate":[137],"algorithms:":[140,155],"six-node,":[141],"NSFNET":[142,216],"European":[144,222],"network.":[146],"results":[148],"compared":[150,196,255],"other":[153],"Yen\u2019s":[156,183],"(k":[158],"shortest":[159,166],"routes)":[160],"continuity":[164],"path":[167],"(SCSP)":[168],"last":[171],"our":[177,201,225,244],"proposal.":[178],"Our":[179],"outperformed":[181],"three":[187],"terms":[191],"blocking":[193],"probability.":[194],"When":[195],"SCSP":[199,258],"algorithm,":[200],"average":[205,229],"performance":[206,230],"gain":[207,231],"15%":[209],"25%":[211],"six-node":[214],"topologies,":[218],"respectively.":[219],"topology,":[224],"achieved":[227],"at":[232],"lowest":[234],"loads":[236],"23.19%.":[238],"considered,":[243],"reduced":[246],"time":[248],"spent":[249],"RMSA":[253],"solution":[254]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-12-22T23:10:17.713674","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}