{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4405718030","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2024.3522153","title":"Improved Q-Learning-Based Multi-Hop Routing for UAV-Assisted Communication","display_name":"Improved Q-Learning-Based Multi-Hop Routing for UAV-Assisted Communication","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-12-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4405718030","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2024.3522153"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnsm.2024.3522153","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2024.3522153","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S173527311","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","issn_l":"1932-4537","issn":["1932-4537","2373-7379"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053767012","display_name":"N.P. Sharvari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4384-3545"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181514455","display_name":"International Institute of Information Technology Bangalore","ror":"https://ror.org/05h9eqy10","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181514455"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"N. P. Sharvari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Networking and Communications Research Laboratory, International Institute of Information Technology Bangalore, Bengaluru, India","International Institute of Information Technology, Bangalore, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Networking and Communications Research Laboratory, International Institute of Information Technology Bangalore, Bengaluru, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181514455"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Institute of Information Technology, Bangalore, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181514455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025225350","display_name":"Dibakar Das","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4040-9607"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181514455","display_name":"International Institute of Information Technology Bangalore","ror":"https://ror.org/05h9eqy10","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181514455"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dibakar Das","raw_affiliation_strings":["Networking and Communications Research Laboratory, International Institute of Information Technology Bangalore, Bengaluru, India","International Institute of Information Technology, Bangalore, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Networking and Communications Research Laboratory, International Institute of Information Technology Bangalore, Bengaluru, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181514455"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Institute of Information Technology, Bangalore, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181514455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007550305","display_name":"Jyotsna Bapat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0866-9895"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181514455","display_name":"International Institute of Information Technology Bangalore","ror":"https://ror.org/05h9eqy10","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181514455"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jyotsna Bapat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Networking and Communications Research Laboratory, International Institute of Information Technology Bangalore, Bengaluru, India","International Institute of Information Technology, Bangalore, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Networking and Communications Research Laboratory, International Institute of Information Technology Bangalore, Bengaluru, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181514455"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Institute of Information Technology, Bangalore, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181514455"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031374866","display_name":"Debabrata Das","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7042-4824"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181514455","display_name":"International Institute of Information Technology Bangalore","ror":"https://ror.org/05h9eqy10","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181514455"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Debabrata Das","raw_affiliation_strings":["Networking and Communications Research Laboratory, International Institute of Information Technology Bangalore, Bengaluru, India","International Institute of Information Technology, Bangalore, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Networking and Communications Research Laboratory, International Institute of Information Technology Bangalore, Bengaluru, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181514455"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Institute of Information Technology, Bangalore, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181514455"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5053767012"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181514455"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":14.8003,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98570377,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"2","first_page":"1330","last_page":"1344"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.991599977016449,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10249","display_name":"Distributed Control Multi-Agent Systems","score":0.9905999898910522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8352588415145874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.6429458260536194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hop","display_name":"Hop (telecommunications)","score":0.5834692120552063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing-information-protocol","display_name":"Routing Information Protocol","score":0.5242058038711548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing-protocol","display_name":"Routing protocol","score":0.480232298374176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/link-state-routing-protocol","display_name":"Link-state routing protocol","score":0.4242985248565674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-source-routing","display_name":"Dynamic Source Routing","score":0.4233804941177368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.3948196768760681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.39351269602775574}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8352588415145874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.6429458260536194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25906391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1432381","display_name":"Hop (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.5834692120552063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7573999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207580","display_name":"Routing Information Protocol","level":5,"score":0.5242058038711548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104954878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1648707","display_name":"Routing protocol","level":3,"score":0.480232298374176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89305328","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1755411","display_name":"Link-state routing protocol","level":4,"score":0.4242985248565674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9659607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1268903","display_name":"Dynamic Source Routing","level":4,"score":0.4233804941177368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.3948196768760681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.39351269602775574}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnsm.2024.3522153","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2024.3522153","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S173527311","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","issn_l":"1932-4537","issn":["1932-4537","2373-7379"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.5899999737739563}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1910203216","https://openalex.org/W1992856611","https://openalex.org/W2036586979","https://openalex.org/W2100873863","https://openalex.org/W2104846640","https://openalex.org/W2160580939","https://openalex.org/W2170414118","https://openalex.org/W2181717997","https://openalex.org/W2327622231","https://openalex.org/W2577541407","https://openalex.org/W2582380851","https://openalex.org/W2593512231","https://openalex.org/W2626974746","https://openalex.org/W2897732390","https://openalex.org/W2904258566","https://openalex.org/W2962691117","https://openalex.org/W2990310893","https://openalex.org/W3029840414","https://openalex.org/W3032350052","https://openalex.org/W3089551248","https://openalex.org/W3111746539","https://openalex.org/W3141924684","https://openalex.org/W3157779097","https://openalex.org/W3172693615","https://openalex.org/W3185185746","https://openalex.org/W3187296755","https://openalex.org/W3196621926","https://openalex.org/W3206922092","https://openalex.org/W4200436491","https://openalex.org/W4206502907","https://openalex.org/W4210517420","https://openalex.org/W4210679264","https://openalex.org/W4210745409","https://openalex.org/W4226036084","https://openalex.org/W4281561543","https://openalex.org/W4289656150","https://openalex.org/W4292567141","https://openalex.org/W4312576847","https://openalex.org/W4313291464","https://openalex.org/W4313477275","https://openalex.org/W4319878963","https://openalex.org/W4377969141","https://openalex.org/W4380363082","https://openalex.org/W4387490273","https://openalex.org/W4389633697","https://openalex.org/W4391487405","https://openalex.org/W4404032195","https://openalex.org/W6627658548"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2125776561","https://openalex.org/W2113081707","https://openalex.org/W4294589355","https://openalex.org/W2138501381","https://openalex.org/W2884568852","https://openalex.org/W2172271487","https://openalex.org/W2485298353","https://openalex.org/W2963214156","https://openalex.org/W2019368892","https://openalex.org/W1997350652"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Designing":[0],"efficient":[1,78],"routing":[2,137],"protocols":[3],"for":[4],"Uncrewed":[5],"Aerial":[6],"Vehicle":[7],"(UAV)-assisted":[8],"communication":[9,141],"presents":[10],"significant":[11],"challenges":[12],"due":[13],"to":[14,76,91,110,135],"rapidly":[15],"changing":[16],"topology,":[17],"limited":[18],"battery":[19],"capacity,":[20],"and":[21,60,87,122,156],"dynamic":[22,143],"network":[23,89,120],"conditions.such":[24],"as":[25],"energy":[26,79,154],"consumption,":[27],"link":[28],"quality,":[29],"or":[30],"latency":[31],"but":[32],"often":[33],"overlook":[34],"the":[35,50,72,101,108,117],"necessity":[36],"of":[37,45,103],"an":[38],"integrated":[39],"approach":[40],"considering":[41],"a":[42,112,150,157],"broader":[43],"range":[44],"factors.":[46],"This":[47],"paper":[48],"introduces":[49],"Improved":[51],"Q-learning-based":[52],"Multi-hop":[53],"Routing":[54],"(IQMR)":[55],"algorithm":[56],"that":[57,115,147],"facilitates":[58],"energy-efficient,":[59],"reliable":[61,81,140],"data":[62,161],"transmission":[63],"in":[64,142,153,160],"UAV-assisted":[65],"communication.":[66],"IQMR":[67,106,148],"achieves":[68],"this":[69],"by":[70],"selecting":[71],"optimal":[73],"next-hop":[74],"node":[75],"ensure":[77],"utilization,":[80],"packet":[82],"delivery":[83],"through":[84],"collision":[85],"avoidance,":[86],"adaptive":[88],"reorganization":[90],"maintain":[92],"connectivity":[93],"without":[94],"relying":[95],"on":[96],"predefined":[97],"UAV":[98,123],"paths.":[99],"To":[100],"best":[102],"our":[104],"knowledge,":[105],"is":[107],"first":[109],"employ":[111],"multi-objective":[113],"framework":[114],"captures":[116],"inter-dependencies":[118],"between":[119],"parameters":[121],"operational":[124],"states":[125],"while":[126],"leveraging":[127],"<inline-formula":[128],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[129],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[130],"<tex-math":[131],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$Q(\\lambda)$":[132],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[133],"learning":[134],"make":[136],"decisions,":[138],"ensuring":[139],"environments.":[144],"Results":[145],"show":[146],"demonstrates":[149],"36.35%":[151],"improvement":[152],"efficiency":[155],"32.05%":[158],"increase":[159],"throughput":[162],"over":[163],"existing":[164],"methods.":[165]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-03-13T16:22:10.518609","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}