{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4395028797","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2024.3384506","title":"Performance and Reliability Analysis for PBFT-Based Blockchain Systems With Repairable Voting Nodes","display_name":"Performance and Reliability Analysis for PBFT-Based Blockchain Systems With Repairable Voting Nodes","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-04-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4395028797","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2024.3384506"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnsm.2024.3384506","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2024.3384506","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S173527311","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","issn_l":"1932-4537","issn":["1932-4537","2373-7379"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063230011","display_name":"Yan-Xia Chang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7601-6998"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37796252","display_name":"Beijing University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037b1pp87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan-Xia Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Economics and Management, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7601-6998","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Economics and Management, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114461983","display_name":"Qing Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5805-2458"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56590836","display_name":"Monash University","ror":"https://ror.org/02bfwt286","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qing Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Monash Business School, Monash University, Caulfield East, VIC, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5805-2458","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Monash Business School, Monash University, Caulfield East, VIC, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101938734","display_name":"Quan\u2010Lin Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6400-1059"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37796252","display_name":"Beijing University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037b1pp87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Quan-Lin Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Economics and Management, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6400-1059","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Economics and Management, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114060211","display_name":"Yaqian Ma","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37796252","display_name":"Beijing University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037b1pp87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yaqian Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Economics and Management, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Economics and Management, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100458169","display_name":"Chi Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2995-7469"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37796252","display_name":"Beijing University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037b1pp87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chi Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Economics and Management, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Economics and Management, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.0603,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96114917,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"4","first_page":"4039","last_page":"4060"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9835000038146973,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9830999970436096,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.8874208927154541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7785628437995911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.65392005443573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voting","display_name":"Voting","score":0.6006402373313904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/byzantine-fault-tolerance","display_name":"Byzantine fault tolerance","score":0.5442289710044861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.4151943027973175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.35235434770584106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.3334203362464905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.2895684540271759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault-tolerance","display_name":"Fault tolerance","score":0.21421250700950623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.0849839448928833}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.8874208927154541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7785628437995911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.65392005443573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520049643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189760","display_name":"Voting","level":3,"score":0.6006402373313904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168021876","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1353446","display_name":"Byzantine fault tolerance","level":3,"score":0.5442289710044861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4151943027973175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.35235434770584106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.3334203362464905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.2895684540271759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63540848","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3140932","display_name":"Fault tolerance","level":2,"score":0.21421250700950623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0849839448928833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnsm.2024.3384506","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2024.3384506","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S173527311","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","issn_l":"1932-4537","issn":["1932-4537","2373-7379"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G152187440","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc\u751f\u6001\u7684\u667a\u6167\u4f9b\u5e94\u94fe\u91d1\u878d\u6a21\u5f0f\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"71932002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":63,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1968661925","https://openalex.org/W2055361421","https://openalex.org/W2102236864","https://openalex.org/W2103863878","https://openalex.org/W2126924915","https://openalex.org/W2219152866","https://openalex.org/W2479625298","https://openalex.org/W2486460265","https://openalex.org/W2754866430","https://openalex.org/W2758945826","https://openalex.org/W2765239986","https://openalex.org/W2766209351","https://openalex.org/W2886165711","https://openalex.org/W2897038802","https://openalex.org/W2900930132","https://openalex.org/W2901509724","https://openalex.org/W2902905458","https://openalex.org/W2906708456","https://openalex.org/W2934505590","https://openalex.org/W2941473958","https://openalex.org/W2954959112","https://openalex.org/W2969395421","https://openalex.org/W2973521133","https://openalex.org/W2975193823","https://openalex.org/W2984247041","https://openalex.org/W2984719063","https://openalex.org/W2991367658","https://openalex.org/W2997702679","https://openalex.org/W2998562842","https://openalex.org/W3002431071","https://openalex.org/W3003936169","https://openalex.org/W3011576217","https://openalex.org/W3017205538","https://openalex.org/W3024863309","https://openalex.org/W3042221193","https://openalex.org/W3087984227","https://openalex.org/W3088949103","https://openalex.org/W3095434390","https://openalex.org/W3128887874","https://openalex.org/W3135300514","https://openalex.org/W3157011907","https://openalex.org/W3157716505","https://openalex.org/W3163057458","https://openalex.org/W3175344274","https://openalex.org/W3198412969","https://openalex.org/W3198650560","https://openalex.org/W3204504678","https://openalex.org/W3210065602","https://openalex.org/W3214711012","https://openalex.org/W3217650101","https://openalex.org/W4248175462","https://openalex.org/W4285282794","https://openalex.org/W4285325805","https://openalex.org/W4287775069","https://openalex.org/W4297631063","https://openalex.org/W4300127641","https://openalex.org/W4307410699","https://openalex.org/W4311926225","https://openalex.org/W6745143538","https://openalex.org/W6778510928","https://openalex.org/W6794488464","https://openalex.org/W6843273965","https://openalex.org/W6846638442"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2033512842","https://openalex.org/W4322734194","https://openalex.org/W3116237489","https://openalex.org/W4233600955","https://openalex.org/W2913665393","https://openalex.org/W2369695847","https://openalex.org/W3005535424","https://openalex.org/W2994319598","https://openalex.org/W2047067935","https://openalex.org/W1607054433"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"a":[1,56,75,94,153,200],"practical":[2],"blockchain":[3,51,77,103,165,181,210],"system":[4,52,78,104,172,182],"based":[5],"on":[6],"the":[7,14,49,89,125,133,150,158,163,175,179,190],"Practical":[8],"Byzantine":[9],"Fault":[10],"Tolerance":[11],"(PBFT)":[12],"protocol,":[13],"voting":[15,45,60,107,185],"nodes":[16,46,61,108],"can":[17,156],"fail":[18],"at":[19,63],"any":[20,64],"time":[21,128],"due":[22],"to":[23,47,79,88],"non-Byzantine":[24],"errors,":[25],"such":[26],"as":[27],"autonomous":[28],"shutdowns,":[29],"device":[30],"crashes,":[31],"and":[32,71,114,124,143,160,192,212],"communication":[33],"link":[34],"failures":[35],"caused":[36],"by":[37,92,117,139],"mobility":[38],"or":[39],"obstacles.":[40],"These":[41,146],"errors":[42],"may":[43],"cause":[44],"exit":[48],"PBFT-based":[50,76,102,164,180,209],"unpredictably,":[53],"resulting":[54],"in":[55,195,217],"variable":[57],"number":[58],"of":[59,135,152,162,178,207],"available":[62],"given":[65],"time.":[66],"To":[67],"maintain":[68],"optimal":[69],"performance":[70,113,159,176],"consistency":[72],"while":[73],"adapting":[74],"this":[80,83,196,218],"dynamic":[81],"change,":[82],"paper":[84,197],"proposes":[85],"an":[86],"extension":[87],"PBFT":[90],"protocol":[91],"introducing":[93],"repair":[95,154],"process":[96,155],"for":[97,112,203],"failed":[98],"nodes.":[99,186],"The":[100],"new":[101],"with":[105,183],"repairable":[106,184],"is":[109],"then":[110],"analyzed":[111],"reliability":[115,161],"analysis":[116,206],"using":[118],"multi-dimensional":[119],"Markov":[120],"processes,":[121],"queueing":[122],"theory,":[123],"first":[126],"passage":[127],"method.":[129],"Additionally,":[130],"we":[131,168],"validate":[132],"accuracy":[134],"our":[136],"theoretical":[137,205],"findings":[138],"conducting":[140],"numerical":[141],"examples":[142],"simulation":[144],"experiments.":[145],"experiments":[147],"demonstrate":[148],"that":[149,189],"introduction":[151],"improve":[157],"system.":[166],"Furthermore,":[167],"illustrate":[169],"how":[170],"various":[171],"parameters":[173],"impact":[174],"measures":[177],"We":[187],"hope":[188],"methodology":[191],"results":[193],"presented":[194],"will":[198],"establish":[199],"common":[201],"framework":[202],"deriving":[204],"existing":[208],"systems":[211],"inspire":[213],"future":[214],"research":[215],"efforts":[216],"field.":[219]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
