{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4390356838","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2023.3347789","title":"LearningChain: A Highly Scalable and Applicable Learning-Based Blockchain Performance Optimization Framework","display_name":"LearningChain: A Highly Scalable and Applicable Learning-Based Blockchain Performance Optimization Framework","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-12-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4390356838","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2023.3347789"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnsm.2023.3347789","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2023.3347789","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S173527311","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","issn_l":"1932-4537","issn":["1932-4537","2373-7379"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031419042","display_name":"Jishu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5973-2415"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189210763","display_name":"Yunnan University","ror":"https://ror.org/0040axw97","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189210763"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jishu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Yunnan University, Kunming, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5973-2415","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Yunnan University, Kunming, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189210763"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100631216","display_name":"Yaowei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2197-9038"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189210763","display_name":"Yunnan University","ror":"https://ror.org/0040axw97","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189210763"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yaowei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Yunnan University, Kunming, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Yunnan University, Kunming, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189210763"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100342953","display_name":"Xuan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2929-2126"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189210763","display_name":"Yunnan University","ror":"https://ror.org/0040axw97","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189210763"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Software Engineering, Yunnan University, Kunming, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2929-2126","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Software Engineering, Yunnan University, Kunming, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189210763"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049100391","display_name":"Zhi Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1087-226X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128818","display_name":"Institute of Software","ror":"https://ror.org/033dfsn42","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128818"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhi Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of High Confidence Software Technologies, Ministry of Education, and the School of Computer Science, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1087-226X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of High Confidence Software Technologies, Ministry of Education, and the School of Computer Science, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570","https://openalex.org/I4210128818"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101597529","display_name":"Chao Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1589-855X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133343","display_name":"BYD (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/03kkp9n92","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133343"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chao Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["BYD Company Ltd., Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BYD Company Ltd., Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133343"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101937754","display_name":"Linyu Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8626-0608"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128818","display_name":"Institute of Software","ror":"https://ror.org/033dfsn42","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128818"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Linyu Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of High Confidence Software Technologies, Ministry of Education, and the School of Computer Science, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8626-0608","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of High Confidence Software Technologies, Ministry of Education, and the School of Computer Science, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570","https://openalex.org/I4210128818"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030500732","display_name":"Rui Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5445-963X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189210763","display_name":"Yunnan University","ror":"https://ror.org/0040axw97","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189210763"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Software Engineering, Yunnan University, Kunming, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5445-963X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Software Engineering, Yunnan University, Kunming, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189210763"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111102425","display_name":"Shenglong Lv","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189210763","display_name":"Yunnan University","ror":"https://ror.org/0040axw97","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189210763"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shenglong Lv","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Software Engineering, Yunnan University, Kunming, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Software Engineering, Yunnan University, Kunming, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189210763"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.2828,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95837262,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"2","first_page":"1817","last_page":"1831"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9796000123023987,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13918","display_name":"Advanced Data and IoT Technologies","score":0.9488000273704529,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.966731071472168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8676004409790039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.8425378799438477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traceability","display_name":"Traceability","score":0.7071519494056702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database-transaction","display_name":"Database transaction","score":0.5184816718101501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.5061299204826355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.36705780029296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.18417096138000488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.17991015315055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.09909504652023315}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.966731071472168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8676004409790039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.8425378799438477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153876917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899704","display_name":"Traceability","level":2,"score":0.7071519494056702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75949130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848010","display_name":"Database transaction","level":2,"score":0.5184816718101501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5061299204826355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.36705780029296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.18417096138000488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.17991015315055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.09909504652023315}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnsm.2023.3347789","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2023.3347789","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S173527311","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","issn_l":"1932-4537","issn":["1932-4537","2373-7379"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.6499999761581421}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2792764867","https://openalex.org/W2954244340","https://openalex.org/W2963975225","https://openalex.org/W3004595072","https://openalex.org/W3091380159","https://openalex.org/W3111419317","https://openalex.org/W3130473649","https://openalex.org/W3156173029","https://openalex.org/W3169422999","https://openalex.org/W3172959128","https://openalex.org/W3181309868","https://openalex.org/W3189313199","https://openalex.org/W3198549936","https://openalex.org/W3200354556","https://openalex.org/W3200647619","https://openalex.org/W3204063555","https://openalex.org/W3206608951","https://openalex.org/W3214375016","https://openalex.org/W4205146943","https://openalex.org/W4210421291","https://openalex.org/W4225125099","https://openalex.org/W4226290720","https://openalex.org/W4232478844","https://openalex.org/W4248175462","https://openalex.org/W4283018956","https://openalex.org/W4285282745","https://openalex.org/W4288391243","https://openalex.org/W4313041497","https://openalex.org/W4313546943","https://openalex.org/W4319839255","https://openalex.org/W4365800551","https://openalex.org/W6682889407","https://openalex.org/W6736057607","https://openalex.org/W6749825310","https://openalex.org/W6759172331"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4388131927","https://openalex.org/W3016961585","https://openalex.org/W1982914007","https://openalex.org/W2159583675","https://openalex.org/W1852113167","https://openalex.org/W1493858311","https://openalex.org/W1824242903","https://openalex.org/W2155470929","https://openalex.org/W2394465510","https://openalex.org/W2111125783"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Blockchain":[0],"is":[1,6,152],"a":[2,42,51,71,76,84,108],"trans-generational":[3],"technology":[4],"that":[5,34,126],"gradually":[7],"introduced":[8],"and":[9,22,64,70,106,123,135,144,156,166,181],"applied":[10,159],"in":[11],"many":[12,161],"fields":[13],"because":[14],"of":[15,28,61,94,146,188],"its":[16,36],"characteristics":[17],"such":[18],"as":[19],"tamper-proof,":[20],"traceability,":[21],"decentralization.":[23],"However,":[24],"the":[25,57,62,91,95,99,142,186],"performance":[26,44,78,85,110,178,190],"bottlenecks":[27],"blockchain":[29,43,63,77,96,100,109,131,168,177,189],"have":[30],"been":[31],"one":[32],"factor":[33],"hinders":[35],"practical":[37,162],"application.":[38],"This":[39],"paper":[40],"proposes":[41],"optimization":[45,179],"framework":[46],"(called":[47,112],"LearningChain).":[48],"We":[49,82],"use":[50],"temporal":[52],"convolution":[53],"network":[54],"to":[55,74,88,97,117,160,183],"predict":[56],"transaction":[58],"arrival":[59],"rate":[60],"propose":[65],"an":[66],"ensemble":[67],"learning-based":[68],"method":[69,73],"meta-learning-based":[72],"train":[75],"prediction":[79],"model,":[80],"respectively.":[81],"design":[83],"scoring":[86],"mechanism":[87],"dynamically":[89],"tune":[90],"configuration":[92],"parameters":[93],"optimize":[98,130],"performance.":[101,132],"In":[102],"addition,":[103],"we":[104],"collect":[105],"contribute":[107],"dataset":[111],"HFBTP)":[113],"for":[114],"other":[115,175],"researchers":[116],"research.":[118],"The":[119,133],"sufficient":[120],"experimental":[121],"results":[122],"analysis":[124],"show":[125],"LearningChain":[127,149,170],"can":[128,157,171],"effectively":[129],"quantitative":[134],"qualitative":[136],"comparisons":[137],"with":[138,174],"related":[139],"work":[140],"demonstrate":[141],"superiority":[143],"innovation":[145],"our":[147],"work,":[148],"reaches":[150],"state-of-the-art,":[151],"highly":[153],"applicable,":[154],"scalable,":[155],"be":[158,172],"blockchain-based":[163],"application":[164],"scenarios":[165],"different":[167],"platforms.":[169],"complemented":[173],"existing":[176],"tools":[180],"methods":[182],"further":[184],"enhance":[185],"effectiveness":[187],"optimization.":[191]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}