{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387546285","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2023.3322881","title":"Delay-Sensitive Task Offloading in Vehicular Fog Computing-Assisted Platoons","display_name":"Delay-Sensitive Task Offloading in Vehicular Fog Computing-Assisted Platoons","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387546285","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2023.3322881"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnsm.2023.3322881","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2023.3322881","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S173527311","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","issn_l":"1932-4537","issn":["1932-4537","2373-7379"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023504868","display_name":"Qiong Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4899-1718"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111599522","display_name":"Jiangnan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mkzax54","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111599522"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qiong Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Internet of Things Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China","State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Internet of Things Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111599522"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114860275","display_name":"Siyuan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4868-6385"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111599522","display_name":"Jiangnan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mkzax54","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111599522"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siyuan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Internet of Things Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China","State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Internet of Things Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111599522"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039419169","display_name":"Hongmei Ge","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2947-9919"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210132399","display_name":"Wuxi Vocational Institute of Commerce","ror":"https://ror.org/03bdrtb23","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132399"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongmei Ge","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Internet of Things Technology and Artificial Intelligence, Wuxi Vocational Institute of Commerce, Wuxi, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Internet of Things Technology and Artificial Intelligence, Wuxi Vocational Institute of Commerce, Wuxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210132399"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079233004","display_name":"Pingyi Fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0658-6079"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pingyi Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079841820","display_name":"Qiang Fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4940-7453"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087596","display_name":"Qualcomm (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/002zrf773","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087596"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiang Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Qualcomm, San Jose, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qualcomm, San Jose, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087596"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079052203","display_name":"Khaled B. Letaief","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2519-6401"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khaled Ben Letaief","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079","https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023504868"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111599522","https://openalex.org/I149594827"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.5411,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":58,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97984292,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"2","first_page":"2012","last_page":"2026"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/platoon","display_name":"Platoon","score":0.9493072032928467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8482148051261902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.643996000289917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5752142667770386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation-offloading","display_name":"Computation offloading","score":0.45853787660598755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.4464605450630188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-decision-process","display_name":"Markov decision process","score":0.4225867986679077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.36993327736854553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3525312840938568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-process","display_name":"Markov process","score":0.26379159092903137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-computing","display_name":"Edge computing","score":0.14664870500564575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.12026050686836243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.10820990800857544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.08623889088630676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.08137011528015137}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777735972","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061967","display_name":"Platoon","level":3,"score":0.9493072032928467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8482148051261902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.643996000289917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5752142667770386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781041963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18348618","display_name":"Computation offloading","level":4,"score":0.45853787660598755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4464605450630188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106189395","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176789","display_name":"Markov decision process","level":3,"score":0.4225867986679077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.36993327736854553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3525312840938568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159886148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov process","level":2,"score":0.26379159092903137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.14664870500564575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.12026050686836243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.10820990800857544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.08623889088630676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08137011528015137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnsm.2023.3322881","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2023.3322881","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S173527311","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","issn_l":"1932-4537","issn":["1932-4537","2373-7379"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.hkust.edu.hk:1783.1-132129","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://repository.hkust.edu.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-132129","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401796","display_name":"Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4893802922","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61701197","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5519907272","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"16208921","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321592","funder_display_name":"Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6625608275","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"B23008","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327912","funder_display_name":"Higher Education Discipline Innovation Project"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321592","display_name":"Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee","ror":"https://ror.org/00djwmt25"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327912","display_name":"Higher Education Discipline Innovation Project","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W765266194","https://openalex.org/W1975726216","https://openalex.org/W1984187922","https://openalex.org/W2048219448","https://openalex.org/W2056621700","https://openalex.org/W2076337359","https://openalex.org/W2162598825","https://openalex.org/W2332720808","https://openalex.org/W2334782222","https://openalex.org/W2343050074","https://openalex.org/W2615926310","https://openalex.org/W2789441909","https://openalex.org/W2883562401","https://openalex.org/W2897099070","https://openalex.org/W2902077509","https://openalex.org/W2905578251","https://openalex.org/W2913500916","https://openalex.org/W2914006436","https://openalex.org/W2918343027","https://openalex.org/W2946046356","https://openalex.org/W2962385136","https://openalex.org/W2963064059","https://openalex.org/W2976656980","https://openalex.org/W2984159320","https://openalex.org/W2995322763","https://openalex.org/W2996102352","https://openalex.org/W2996111799","https://openalex.org/W2998498679","https://openalex.org/W2999627113","https://openalex.org/W3006499985","https://openalex.org/W3013355448","https://openalex.org/W3025488465","https://openalex.org/W3031168590","https://openalex.org/W3041737507","https://openalex.org/W3047023661","https://openalex.org/W3091157956","https://openalex.org/W3095275001","https://openalex.org/W3102842453","https://openalex.org/W3107242135","https://openalex.org/W3109463546","https://openalex.org/W3112165092","https://openalex.org/W3118086151","https://openalex.org/W3155719911","https://openalex.org/W3163294383","https://openalex.org/W3198835908","https://openalex.org/W3201958017","https://openalex.org/W3204116051","https://openalex.org/W4205434059","https://openalex.org/W4206176461","https://openalex.org/W4206536491","https://openalex.org/W4206817004","https://openalex.org/W4210964642","https://openalex.org/W4221023924","https://openalex.org/W4226178627","https://openalex.org/W4245286794","https://openalex.org/W4285225730","https://openalex.org/W4298023569","https://openalex.org/W4309223941","https://openalex.org/W4309224029","https://openalex.org/W4377235153"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4286572054","https://openalex.org/W2555207388","https://openalex.org/W3171462553","https://openalex.org/W2983996496","https://openalex.org/W3189590538","https://openalex.org/W4389240635","https://openalex.org/W2461853023","https://openalex.org/W2136133395","https://openalex.org/W2796352555","https://openalex.org/W2962856838"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Vehicles":[0],"in":[1,47,61,71,79,137,233],"platoons":[2],"need":[3],"to":[4,8,29,40,44,75,95,139,147,152,214],"process":[5,25,140,205],"many":[6],"tasks":[7,188],"support":[9],"various":[10,175],"real-time":[11],"vehicular":[12],"applications.":[13],"When":[14],"a":[15,19,202,227],"task":[16,27,43,67,94,127,231],"arrives":[17],"at":[18,191],"vehicle,":[20],"the":[21,26,42,48,54,59,62,66,76,80,93,96,102,106,120,126,131,134,141,154,158,165,184,194,216,221],"vehicle":[22],"may":[23],"not":[24],"due":[28],"its":[30,236],"limited":[31],"computation":[32,55,176],"resource.":[33],"In":[34,157,197],"this":[35,89,198],"case,":[36],"it":[37,144],"usually":[38,163],"requests":[39],"offload":[41],"other":[45,77],"vehicles":[46,60,78,103,136,162,180],"platoon":[49,63,86,160],"for":[50,123,230],"processing.":[51],"However,":[52],"when":[53,179],"resources":[56],"of":[57,133],"all":[58],"are":[64],"insufficient,":[65],"cannot":[68],"be":[69],"processed":[70],"time":[72],"through":[73,91,240],"offloading":[74,92,121,150,155,208,222,232],"platoon.":[81,107],"Vehicular":[82],"fog":[83],"computing":[84],"(VFC)-assisted":[85],"can":[87],"solve":[88],"problem":[90],"VFC":[97,138,185,234],"which":[98,115],"is":[99,110,116,128,145,238],"formed":[100],"by":[101,118],"driving":[104],"near":[105],"Offloading":[108],"delay":[109],"an":[111,149],"important":[112],"performance":[113],"metric,":[114],"impacted":[117],"both":[119],"strategy":[122,151,209,229],"deciding":[124],"where":[125],"offloaded":[129],"and":[130,182,192,243],"number":[132],"allocated":[135],"task.":[142],"Thus,":[143],"critical":[146],"propose":[148,201],"minimize":[153],"delay.":[156,223],"VFC-assisted":[159],"system,":[161],"adopt":[164],"IEEE":[166],"802.11p":[167],"distributed":[168],"coordination":[169],"function":[170],"(DCF)":[171],"mechanism":[172],"while":[173,210],"having":[174],"resources.":[177],"Moreover,":[178],"arrive":[181,190],"depart":[183,193],"randomly,":[186],"their":[187],"also":[189],"system":[195],"randomly.":[196],"paper,":[199],"we":[200],"semi-Markov":[203],"decision":[204],"(SMDP)":[206],"based":[207],"considering":[211],"these":[212],"factors":[213],"obtain":[215],"maximal":[217],"long-term":[218],"reward":[219],"reflecting":[220],"Our":[224],"research":[225],"provides":[226],"robust":[228],"systems,":[235],"effectiveness":[237],"demonstrated":[239],"simulation":[241],"experiments":[242],"comparison":[244],"with":[245],"benchmark":[246],"strategies.":[247]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-04-03T22:45:19.894376","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}