{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387068166","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2023.3319294","title":"Dependency-Aware Dynamic Task Offloading Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning in Mobile-Edge Computing","display_name":"Dependency-Aware Dynamic Task Offloading Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning in Mobile-Edge Computing","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387068166","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2023.3319294"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnsm.2023.3319294","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2023.3319294","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4275028/5699970/10263999.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S173527311","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","issn_l":"1932-4537","issn":["1932-4537","2373-7379"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4275028/5699970/10263999.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068805139","display_name":"Juan Fang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4542-8727"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37796252","display_name":"Beijing University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037b1pp87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Juan Fang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092948402","display_name":"Dezheng Qu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37796252","display_name":"Beijing University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037b1pp87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dezheng Qu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028519714","display_name":"Huijie Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8322-790X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37796252","display_name":"Beijing University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037b1pp87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huijie Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101726423","display_name":"Yaqi Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1281-9182"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37796252","display_name":"Beijing University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037b1pp87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yaqi Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5068805139"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.5523,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":38,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97713909,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"2","first_page":"1403","last_page":"1415"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13553","display_name":"Age of Information Optimization","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.899857759475708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.8315060138702393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-edge-computing","display_name":"Mobile edge computing","score":0.7562253475189209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-computing","display_name":"Edge computing","score":0.618908166885376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation-offloading","display_name":"Computation offloading","score":0.587097704410553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-decision-process","display_name":"Markov decision process","score":0.5725862383842468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.5351594090461731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.5057058334350586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.4777878224849701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.4709523618221283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-device","display_name":"Edge device","score":0.466835618019104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.464354544878006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.4436764717102051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-device","display_name":"Mobile device","score":0.43980419635772705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-allocation","display_name":"Resource allocation","score":0.43914899230003357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.2855863571166992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.25960269570350647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.19446924328804016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-process","display_name":"Markov process","score":0.11756032705307007}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.899857759475708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.8315060138702393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776061582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25325231","display_name":"Mobile edge computing","level":3,"score":0.7562253475189209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.618908166885376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781041963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18348618","display_name":"Computation offloading","level":4,"score":0.587097704410553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106189395","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176789","display_name":"Markov decision process","level":3,"score":0.5725862383842468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.5351594090461731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.5057058334350586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4777878224849701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.4709523618221283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138236772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25098575","display_name":"Edge device","level":3,"score":0.466835618019104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.464354544878006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.4436764717102051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186967261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5082128","display_name":"Mobile device","level":2,"score":0.43980419635772705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29202148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287260","display_name":"Resource allocation","level":2,"score":0.43914899230003357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.2855863571166992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.25960269570350647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.19446924328804016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159886148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov process","level":2,"score":0.11756032705307007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnsm.2023.3319294","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2023.3319294","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4275028/5699970/10263999.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S173527311","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","issn_l":"1932-4537","issn":["1932-4537","2373-7379"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnsm.2023.3319294","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2023.3319294","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4275028/5699970/10263999.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S173527311","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","issn_l":"1932-4537","issn":["1932-4537","2373-7379"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8899999856948853,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3474172640","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61202076","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3477421401","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"4192007","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322919","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G391238517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7105961393","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62202019","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7294252833","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"4192007","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8707405162","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62276011","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322919","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4387068166.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4387068166.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2343896184","https://openalex.org/W2344423009","https://openalex.org/W2397723600","https://openalex.org/W2624989916","https://openalex.org/W2800305275","https://openalex.org/W2891123429","https://openalex.org/W2913740539","https://openalex.org/W2963060851","https://openalex.org/W2963334314","https://openalex.org/W2964015972","https://openalex.org/W2999338250","https://openalex.org/W3010243247","https://openalex.org/W3010314710","https://openalex.org/W3016764502","https://openalex.org/W3024681024","https://openalex.org/W3036631744","https://openalex.org/W3040872889","https://openalex.org/W3103591951","https://openalex.org/W3133354246","https://openalex.org/W3135386558","https://openalex.org/W3137932838","https://openalex.org/W3144235125","https://openalex.org/W3153129370","https://openalex.org/W3159145702","https://openalex.org/W3160173326","https://openalex.org/W3172247901","https://openalex.org/W3197974243","https://openalex.org/W3215343781","https://openalex.org/W4206272873","https://openalex.org/W4221160470","https://openalex.org/W4285325083","https://openalex.org/W4285820523","https://openalex.org/W4362564329"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4200420173","https://openalex.org/W3120617837","https://openalex.org/W3127808443","https://openalex.org/W2916011811","https://openalex.org/W3034137700","https://openalex.org/W4362496467","https://openalex.org/W2896883851","https://openalex.org/W2917127270","https://openalex.org/W3185499500","https://openalex.org/W2796352555"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,51,120],"rapid":[1],"advancement":[2],"of":[3,13,17,106,168],"mobile":[4,18,44],"edge":[5,28,117,130],"computing":[6],"(MEC)":[7],"networks":[8],"has":[9],"enabled":[10],"the":[11,14,33,57,69,149,160,165,169],"augmentation":[12],"computational":[15],"power":[16],"devices":[19,45,128],"(MDs)":[20],"by":[21,92],"offloading":[22,38,103],"computationally":[23],"intensive":[24],"tasks":[25,62,108],"to":[26,47,55,60,147,151,173],"resource-rich":[27],"nodes.":[29],"This":[30,77],"paper":[31],"discusses":[32],"decision-making":[34],"process":[35],"for":[36,129],"task":[37,113,170],"and":[39],"resource":[40],"allocation":[41],"among":[42,126],"multiple":[43],"connected":[46],"a":[48,72,101,135],"base":[49],"station.":[50],"primary":[52],"objective":[53,78],"is":[54,79],"minimize":[56],"time":[58],"taken":[59],"complete":[61],"while":[63],"simultaneously":[64],"reducing":[65],"energy":[66],"consumption":[67],"on":[68,116,142],"device":[70],"under":[71],"time-varying":[73],"wireless":[74],"fading":[75],"channel.":[76],"formulated":[80],"as":[81],"an":[82,143],"energy-efficiency":[83],"cost":[84,167],"(EEC)":[85],"minimization":[86],"problem,":[87],"which":[88],"cannot":[89],"be":[90],"solved":[91],"conventional":[93],"methods.":[94],"To":[95],"address":[96],"this":[97],"challenge,":[98],"we":[99,133],"propose":[100],"dynamic":[102],"decision":[104],"algorithm":[105,122,140,162],"dependent":[107],"(DODA-DT)":[109],"that":[110,159],"adjusts":[111],"local":[112],"execution":[114],"based":[115,141],"node":[118],"status.":[119],"proposed":[121,161],"facilitates":[123],"fair":[124],"competition":[125],"all":[127],"resources.":[131],"Additionally,":[132],"use":[134],"deep":[136],"reinforcement":[137],"learning":[138,145],"(DRL)":[139],"actor-critic":[144],"structure":[146],"train":[148],"system":[150],"quickly":[152],"identify":[153],"near-optimal":[154],"solutions.":[155],"Numerical":[156],"simulations":[157],"demonstrate":[158],"effectively":[163],"reduces":[164],"total":[166],"in":[171],"comparison":[172],"previous":[174],"algorithms.":[175]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
