{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4367663257","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2023.3271769","title":"DRL-Based Service Function Chain Edge-to-Edge and Edge-to-Cloud Joint Offloading in Edge-Cloud Network","display_name":"DRL-Based Service Function Chain Edge-to-Edge and Edge-to-Cloud Joint Offloading in Edge-Cloud Network","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4367663257","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2023.3271769"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnsm.2023.3271769","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2023.3271769","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S173527311","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","issn_l":"1932-4537","issn":["1932-4537","2373-7379"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Wentao Fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7671-7831"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wentao Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7671-7831","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101815733","display_name":"Fan Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0732-2462"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155350","display_name":"Purple Mountain Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/04zcbk583","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155350"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fan Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0732-2462","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155350"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108064164","display_name":"P. Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6730-1524"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98301712","display_name":"Baidu (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/03vs3wt56","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98301712"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peilong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["AI Cloud Group, Baidu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AI Cloud Group, Baidu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98301712"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109970374","display_name":"Mao Miao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98301712","display_name":"Baidu (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/03vs3wt56","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98301712"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mao Miao","raw_affiliation_strings":["AI Cloud Group, Baidu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AI Cloud Group, Baidu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98301712"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100645278","display_name":"Pengcheng Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0550-5804"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98301712","display_name":"Baidu (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/03vs3wt56","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98301712"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pengcheng Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["AI Cloud Group, Baidu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AI Cloud Group, Baidu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98301712"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087767046","display_name":"Tao Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3545-1122"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155350","display_name":"Purple Mountain Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/04zcbk583","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155350"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3545-1122","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155350"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.5415,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9311493,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"4","first_page":"4478","last_page":"4493"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13553","display_name":"Age of Information Optimization","score":0.9829999804496765,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9825000166893005,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.7722443342208862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7645369172096252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.6804507374763489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-computing","display_name":"Edge computing","score":0.5579511523246765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5420495271682739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-device","display_name":"Edge device","score":0.414018452167511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.07303741574287415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.061037659645080566}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.7722443342208862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7645369172096252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.6804507374763489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.5579511523246765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5420495271682739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138236772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25098575","display_name":"Edge device","level":3,"score":0.414018452167511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.07303741574287415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.061037659645080566}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnsm.2023.3271769","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2023.3271769","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S173527311","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","issn_l":"1932-4537","issn":["1932-4537","2373-7379"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2225904776","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020YFB1804603","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2089194229","https://openalex.org/W2147118406","https://openalex.org/W2289096564","https://openalex.org/W2751904527","https://openalex.org/W2771318463","https://openalex.org/W2787938642","https://openalex.org/W2914899603","https://openalex.org/W2962804345","https://openalex.org/W2963363913","https://openalex.org/W2984381742","https://openalex.org/W2986918619","https://openalex.org/W2997234356","https://openalex.org/W3002258616","https://openalex.org/W3004121481","https://openalex.org/W3008833026","https://openalex.org/W3010301175","https://openalex.org/W3013198216","https://openalex.org/W3069042888","https://openalex.org/W3096431170","https://openalex.org/W3101304220","https://openalex.org/W3102383207","https://openalex.org/W3112548650","https://openalex.org/W3115664340","https://openalex.org/W3135481921","https://openalex.org/W3136322623","https://openalex.org/W3137418374","https://openalex.org/W3154904675","https://openalex.org/W3161037238","https://openalex.org/W3176314363","https://openalex.org/W3179018212","https://openalex.org/W3182719466","https://openalex.org/W3183648404","https://openalex.org/W3188706529","https://openalex.org/W3200951426","https://openalex.org/W3203858545","https://openalex.org/W3209283715","https://openalex.org/W3210119647","https://openalex.org/W3210664956","https://openalex.org/W3211766763","https://openalex.org/W3213353941","https://openalex.org/W4200519010","https://openalex.org/W6684921986","https://openalex.org/W6748839928"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2995938785","https://openalex.org/W2979760315","https://openalex.org/W4324372666","https://openalex.org/W4225706866","https://openalex.org/W4322761281","https://openalex.org/W4238233472","https://openalex.org/W4313339048","https://openalex.org/W2956163139","https://openalex.org/W4386004629","https://openalex.org/W2942586735"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,71],"this":[1,72],"paper,":[2,73],"we":[3,74],"study":[4],"service":[5],"function":[6],"chain":[7],"(SFC)":[8],"offloading":[9,15,27,36,39,65,83],"in":[10,43,132],"the":[11,87,92,109,117,126],"edge-cloud":[12,88,133],"network.":[13],"Two":[14],"options":[16],"are":[17],"available":[18],"for":[19,86],"fully-loaded":[20],"edge":[21,23,25,29,96,130],"nodes:":[22],"to":[24,30,54,90,108],"(E2E)":[26],"and":[28,37,46,62,80,124],"cloud":[31],"(E2C)":[32],"offloading.":[33],"Both":[34],"E2E":[35,61,79],"E2C":[38,63,81],"have":[40],"been":[41],"optimized":[42],"existing":[44],"research,":[45],"Deep":[47,100],"Reinforcement":[48],"Learning":[49],"(DRL)":[50],"methods":[51],"were":[52],"adopted":[53],"achieve":[55],"excellent":[56,121],"performances.":[57],"However,":[58],"DRL-based":[59,77],"SFC":[60,78],"joint":[64,82],"is":[66,106],"still":[67],"a":[68,76],"research":[69],"gap.":[70],"propose":[75],"optimization":[84,110],"algorithm":[85,105,119],"network":[89,134],"maximize":[91],"utilization":[93,127],"efficiency":[94,128],"of":[95,129,136],"resources.":[97],"Twin":[98],"Delayed":[99],"Deterministic":[101],"policy":[102],"gradient":[103],"(TD3)":[104],"applied":[107],"problem.":[111],"The":[112],"simulation":[113],"results":[114],"indicate":[115],"that":[116],"proposed":[118],"has":[120],"convergence":[122],"performance":[123],"improves":[125],"resources":[131],"scenarios":[135],"diverse":[137],"scales.":[138]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
